Human TGF-beta 2 Quantikine ELISA Kit

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

TGF-beta 2 is synthesized as a prepro-cytokine with a 19 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, a 283 aa pro-region, and a 112 aa mature segment (1-5). It dimerizes with formation of disulfide bonds between the 'pro' regions and disulfide bonds between the 'mature' regions. The mature region is 71% and 80% identical with human TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 (6, 7) and 97% identical with the corresponding mouse protein (8). After proteolytic cleavage of the disulfide-linked mature region, it remains hydrogen-bonded to the disulfide-linked prosegments (LAP or latencyassociated protein) (1, 2, 9). If secreted in this form, LAP keeps TGF-beta 2 in an inactive state until dissociation, caused by proteases, glycosidases, or extreme pH (2, 9). In many types of cells, an additional protein, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP), is covalently linked to the LAP homodimer prior to secretion. LTBP, a 130 kDa cysteine-rich glycoprotein, creates a 235 kDa large latent complex that is secreted, most likely binding to the extracellular matrix (1, 9-11). The latency components are believed to act as natural antagonists of TGF-beta activity, to target TGF-beta to distinct tissues, and to maintain a reservoir of TGF-beta (1, 2, 12). On release from latency, active homodimeric TGF-beta can bind to cell-surface receptors or to other proteins, such as alpha ₂-macroglobulin (13). 

We have publications tested in 7 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Canine, Porcine, Rabbit.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 58. Show All 58 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using DB250	Applications	Species
Y Zhao, Z Weng, X Zhou, Z Xu, B Cao, B Wang, J Li Mesenchymal stromal cells promote the drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway via TGF-beta2 Journal of Translational Medicine, 2023-03-25;21(1):219. 2023-03-25 [PMID: 36966336] (Human)		Human
S Schulze, C Neuber, S Möller, U Hempel, LC Hofbauer, KD Schaser, J Pietzsch, S Rammelt Impact of Sulfated Hyaluronan on Bone Metabolism in Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy and Degenerative Arthritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-12-02;23(23):. 2022-12-02 [PMID: 36499493] (Human)		Human
C Hawlitsche, J Brendel, P Gabriel, K Schierle, A Salameh, HG Zimmer, B Rassler How Effective Is a Late-Onset Antihypertensive Treatment? Studies with Captopril as Monotherapy and in Combination with Nifedipine in Old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Biomedicines, 2022-08-12;10(8):. 2022-08-12 [PMID: 36009511] (Rat)		Rat
J Štšepetova, K Simre, A Tagoma, O Uibo, A Peet, H Siljander, V Tillmann, M Knip, R Mändar, R Uibo Maternal breast milk microbiota and immune markers in relation to subsequent development of celiac disease in offspring Scientific Reports, 2022-04-22;12(1):6607. 2022-04-22 [PMID: 35459889] (Human)		Human
K Sobierajsk, ME Wawro, J Niewiarows Oxidative Stress Enhances the TGF-beta2-RhoA-MRTF-A/B Axis in Cells Entering Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-02-13;23(4):. 2022-02-13 [PMID: 35216178] (Human)		Human
WT Shelton, SM Thomas, HR Alexander, CE Thomes, DE Conway, AD Dubash Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell-cell adhesion Scientific Reports, 2021-06-24;11(1):13295. 2021-06-24 [PMID: 34168237] (Human)		Human
M Kimsa-Dude, A Synowiec-W, A Krawczyk, C Kruszniews, J Gola A static magnetic field changes the expression profile of the transforming growth factor &beta family genes in human cells that have been treated with fluoride ions Cytokine, 2021-04-16;0(0):155537. 2021-04-16 [PMID: 33867212] (Human)		Human
SP Korpela, TK Hinz, A Oweida, J Kim, J Calhoun, R Ferris, RA Nemenoff, SD Karam, ET Clambey, LE Heasley Role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced interferon pathway signaling in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapeutic response Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021-01-23;19(1):43. 2021-01-23 [PMID: 33485341] (Human)		Human
AP Gomes, D Ilter, V Low, JE Endress, J Fernández-, A Rosenzweig, T Schild, D Broekaert, A Ahmed, M Planque, I Elia, J Han, C Kinzig, E Mullarky, AP Mutvei, J Asara, R de Cabo, LC Cantley, N Dephoure, SM Fendt, J Blenis Age-induced accumulation of methylmalonic acid promotes tumour progression Nature, 2020-08-19;0(0):. 2020-08-19 [PMID: 32814897] (Human)		Human
N Trempolec, C Degavre, B Doix, D Brusa, C Corbet, O Feron Acidosis-Induced TGF-beta2 Production Promotes Lipid Droplet Formation in Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Potential to Support Anti-Mesothelioma T Cell Response Cancers (Basel), 2020-05-19;12(5):. 2020-05-19 [PMID: 32438640] (Mouse)		Mouse
B Kociszewsk, E Sibanda, DM Radomska-L, K Taradaj, P Kocio?ek, T Ginda, M Gruszfeld, E Jankowska-, B Pietrzak, M Wielgo?, J Malejczyk Does Caesarean Section or Preterm Delivery Influence TGF-&beta2 Concentrations in Human Colostrum? Nutrients, 2020-04-15;12(4):. 2020-04-15 [PMID: 32326558] (Human)		Human
L Michel, M Shevlyakov, E Ní Cléirig, E Eckhardt, S Holvoet, S Nutten, N Sprenger, A Körner, M Vogel, C Nembrini, W Kiess, C Blanchard Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort PLoS ONE, 2020-04-21;15(4):e0230472. 2020-04-21 [PMID: 32315306] (Human)		Human
YY Liu, SY Wang, YN Li, WJ Bian, LQ Zhang, YH Li, L Long, X Liu, XW Zhang, ZG Li Activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis was impaired by dickkopf-1 targeting siRNA Chin. Med. J., 2020-03-20;0(6):679-686. 2020-03-20 [PMID: 32068606] (Human)		Human
AN Burska, PV Giannoudis, BH Tan, D Ilas, E Jones, F Ponchel Dynamics of Early Signalling Events during Fracture Healing and Potential Serum Biomarkers of Fracture Non-Union in Humans J Clin Med, 2020-02-11;9(2):. 2020-02-11 [PMID: 32054088] (Human)		Human
G Merckx, B Hosseinkha, S Kuypers, S Deville, J Irobi, I Nelissen, L Michiels, I Lambrichts, A Bronckaers Angiogenic Effects of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their Extracellular Vesicles Cells, 2020-01-28;9(2):. 2020-01-28 [PMID: 32012900] (Human)		Human
C Corbet, E Bastien, JP Santiago d, E Dierge, R Martherus, C Vander Lin, B Doix, C Degavre, C Guilbaud, L Petit, C Michiels, C Dessy, Y Larondelle, O Feron TGFbeta2-induced formation of lipid droplets supports acidosis-driven EMT and the metastatic spreading of cancer cells Nat Commun, 2020-01-23;11(1):454. 2020-01-23 [PMID: 31974393] (Human)		Human
RVCT van der Kw, T Woudenberg, PHA Quax, AY Nossent MicroRNA-411 and Its 5'-IsomiR Have Distinct Targets and Functions and Are Differentially Regulated in the Vasculature under Ischemia Mol. Ther., 2019-10-07;0(0):. 2019-10-07 [PMID: 31636041] (Human)		Human
S Holvoet, M Perrot, N de Groot, G Prioult, T Mikogami, V Verhasselt, S Nutten Oral Tolerance Induction to Newly Introduced Allergen is Favored by a Transforming Growth Factor-beta-Enriched Formula Nutrients, 2019-09-13;11(9):. 2019-09-13 [PMID: 31540231] (Bovine)		Bovine
S Fujimoto, R Hayashi, S Hara, Y Sasamoto, J Harrington, M Tsujikawa, K Nishida KLF4 prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human corneal epithelial cells via endogenous TGF- β2 suppression Regen Ther, 2019-09-12;11(0):249-257. 2019-09-12 [PMID: 31538102] (Human)		Human
GM Tosi, G Neri, E Caldi, F Fusco, T Bacci, A Tarantello, E Nuti, D Marigliani, S Baiocchi, C Traversi, M Barbarino, CM Eandi, B Parolini, L Mundo, A Santucci, M Orlandini, F Galvagni TGF-? concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration Sci Rep, 2018-05-23;8(1):8053. 2018-05-23 [PMID: 29795291] (Human)		Human
RB Kasetti, P Maddineni, P Patel, C Searby, VC Sheffield, GS Zode Transforming growth factor ?2 (TGF?2) signaling plays a key role in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension J. Biol. Chem., 2018-05-09;0(0):. 2018-05-09 [PMID: 29743238] (Human)		Human
JE Ramos de C, MT Verwoert, IMC Vogels, EA Reits, CJF Van Noorde, I Klaassen, RO Schlingema Involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the expression of extracellular matrix genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells Biochem Biophys Rep, 2018-01-28;13(0):83-92. 2018-01-28 [PMID: 29387813] (Human)		Human
GA Howe, K Kazda, CL Addison MicroRNA-30b controls endothelial cell capillary morphogenesis through regulation of transforming growth factor beta 2 PLoS ONE, 2017-10-04;12(10):e0185619. 2017-10-04 [PMID: 28977001] (Human)		Human
N Ban, CJ Siegfried, JB Lin, YB Shui, J Sein, W Pita-Thoma, A Sene, A Santeford, M Gordon, R Lamb, Z Dong, SC Kelly, V Cavalli, J Yoshino, RS Apte GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients JCI Insight, 2017-05-04;2(9):. 2017-05-04 [PMID: 28469085] (Human)		Human
A Stadnikova, L Dudakova, P Skalicka, Z Valenta, M Filipec, K Jirsova Active transforming growth factor-?2 in the aqueous humor of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy patients PLoS ONE, 2017-04-17;12(4):e0175509. 2017-04-17 [PMID: 28414732] (Human)		Human
Q Cao, F Liu, K Ji, N Liu, Y He, W Zhang, L Wang MicroRNA-381 inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting TMEM16A expression J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res, 2017-02-13;36(1):29. 2017-02-13 [PMID: 28193228] (Human)		Human
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF?)-dependent smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation Sci Rep, 2016-09-16;6(0):33407. 2016-09-16 [PMID: 27634335] (Human)		Human
Warren C Plaisted Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis PLoS ONE, 2016-06-16;11(6):e0157620. 2016-06-16 [PMID: 27310015] (Human)		Human
W Qin, Y Tsukasaki, S Dasgupta, N Mukhopadhy, M Ikebe, ER Sauter Exosomes in Human Breast Milk Promote EMT Clin Cancer Res, 2016-04-08;0(0):. 2016-04-08 [PMID: 27060153] (Human)		Human
Kleczko E, Kim J, Keysar S, Heasley L, Eagles J, Simon M, Marshall M, Singleton K, Jimeno A, Tan A, Heasley L An Inducible TGF-beta2-TGFbetaR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. PLoS ONE, 2015-05-06;10(5):e0123600. 2015-05-06 [PMID: 25946135] (Human)		Human
Horie M, Saito A, Noguchi S, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Morishita Y, Suzuki H, Kohyama T, Nagase T Differential knockdown of TGF-beta ligands in a three-dimensional co-culture tumor- stromal interaction model of lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 2014-08-09;14(0):580. 2014-08-09 [PMID: 25107280] (Human)		Human
Izumi , Hirohisa, Kosaka , Nobuyosh, Shimizu , Takashi, Sekine , Kazunori, Ochiya , Takahiro, Takase , Mitsunor Time-dependent expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs in rat milk whey. PLoS ONE, 2014-02-12;9(2):e88843. 2014-02-12 [PMID: 24533154] (Rat)		Rat
Bialas A, Stevens B TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement. Nat Neurosci, 2013-10-27;16(12):1773-82. 2013-10-27 [PMID: 24162655] (Rat)		Rat
Qin W, Smith C, Jensen M, Holick M, Sauter E Vitamin D favorably alters the cancer promoting prostaglandin cascade. Anticancer Res, 2013-09-01;33(9):3861-6. 2013-09-01 [PMID: 24023320] (Human)		Human
Zheng M, Zhang Z, Bemis K, Belch A, Pilarski L, Shively J, Kirshner J The systemic cytokine environment is permanently altered in multiple myeloma. PLoS ONE, 2013-03-27;8(3):e58504. 2013-03-27 [PMID: 23544044] (Human)		Human
Qin W, Zhang K, Kliethermes B, Ruhlen RL, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Sauter ER Differential expression of cancer associated proteins in breast milk based on age at first full term pregnancy. BMC Cancer, 2012-03-21;12(0):100. 2012-03-21 [PMID: 22436421] (Human)		Human
Rufo A, Del Fattore A, Capulli M, Carvello F, De Pasquale L, Ferrari S, Pierroz D, Morandi L, De Simone M, Rucci N, Bertini E, Bianchi ML, De Benedetti F, Teti A Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2011-08-01;26(8):1891-903. 2011-08-01 [PMID: 21509823] (Human)		Human
Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011-03-16;22(10):1686-98. 2011-03-16 [PMID: 21411626] (Canine)		Canine
Holmlund U, Amoudruz P, Johansson MA, Haileselassie Y, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Traore B, Doumbo S, Schollin J, Doumbo O, Montgomery SM, Sverremark-Ekstrom E Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2010-10-05;162(3):500-9. 2010-10-05 [PMID: 20942805] (Human)		Human
Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Schnitzler P, Lahdou I, Naujokat C, Zeier M, Opelz G Urinary proinflammatory cytokine response in renal transplant recipients with polyomavirus BK viruria. Transplantation, 2009-11-15;88(9):1109-16. 2009-11-15 [PMID: 19898207] (Human)		Human
Kawahara S, Hata Y, Kita T, Arita R, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Kagimoto T, Goto Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T Potent inhibition of cicatricial contraction in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases by statins. Diabetes, 2008-07-03;57(10):2784-93. 2008-07-03 [PMID: 18599521] (Human)		Human
He S, Chen Y, Khankan R, Barron E, Burton R, Zhu D, Ryan SJ, Oliver N, Hinton DR Connective tissue growth factor as a mediator of intraocular fibrosis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-04-30;49(9):4078-88. 2008-04-30 [PMID: 18450591] (Human)		Human
Nakano Y, Oyamada M, Dai P, Nakagami T, Kinoshita S, Takamatsu T Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-01-01;49(1):93-104. 2008-01-01 [PMID: 18172080] (Rat)		Rat
Sadeghi M, Susal C, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Zimmermann R, Huth-Kuhne A, Opelz G Short communication: decreasing soluble CD30 and increasing IFN-gamma plasma levels are indicators of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007-07-01;23(7):886-90. 2007-07-01 [PMID: 17678471] (Human)		Human
Nagineni CN, Cherukuri KS, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ Interferon-gamma differentially regulates TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through JAK-STAT pathway. J. Cell. Physiol., 2007-01-01;210(1):192-200. 2007-01-01 [PMID: 17013806] (Human)		Human
Ito M, Minamiya Y, Kawai H, Saito S, Saito H, Nakagawa T, Imai K, Hirokawa M, Ogawa J Tumor-derived TGFbeta-1 induces dendritic cell apoptosis in the sentinel lymph node. J. Immunol., 2006-05-01;176(9):5637-43. 2006-05-01 [PMID: 16622033] (Human)		Human
Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Wiesel M, Hergesell O, Opelz G Strong inflammatory cytokine response in male and strong anti-inflammatory response in female kidney transplant recipients with urinary tract infection. Transpl. Int., 2005-02-01;18(2):177-85. 2005-02-01 [PMID: 15691270] (Human)		Human
Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, Christian DL, Ferrando RE, Welch BS, Balmes JR Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Chest, 2004-06-01;125(6):2328-35. 2004-06-01 [PMID: 15189958] (Human)		Human
Hao Z, Hampel B, Yagita H, Rajewsky K T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. J. Exp. Med., 2004-05-17;199(10):1355-65. 2004-05-17 [PMID: 15148335] (Mouse)		Mouse
Ogawa J, Sasahara A, Yoshida T, Sira MM, Futatani T, Kanegane H, Miyawaki T Role of transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants. Early Hum. Dev., 2004-04-01;77(1):67-75. 2004-04-01 [PMID: 15113633] (Human)		Human
Esson DW, Neelakantan A, Iyer SA, Blalock TD, Balasubramanian L, Grotendorst GR, Schultz GS, Sherwood MB Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2004-02-01;45(2):485-91. 2004-02-01 [PMID: 14744889] (Rabbit)		Rabbit
Jono H, Shuto T, Xu H, Kai H, Lim DJ, Gum JR, Kim YS, Yamaoka S, Feng XH, Li JD Transforming growth factor-beta -Smad signaling pathway cooperates with NF-kappa B to mediate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 mucin transcription. J. Biol. Chem., 2002-09-16;277(47):45547-57. 2002-09-16 [PMID: 12237307] (Human)		Human
Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Hisatomi T, Tsutsumi C, Ueno H, Ishibashi T Gene transfer of soluble TGF-beta type II receptor inhibits experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Gene Ther., 2002-09-01;9(18):1214-20. 2002-09-01 [PMID: 12215888] (Rabbit)		Rabbit
Liu JH Circadian variations of transforming growth factor-beta2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in the rabbit aqueous humor. Curr. Eye Res., 2002-01-01;24(1):75-80. 2002-01-01 [PMID: 12187498] (Rabbit)		Rabbit
Bracamonte MP, Rud KS, Owen WG, Miller VM Ovariectomy increases mitogens and platelet-induced proliferation of arterial smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2002-09-01;283(3):H853-60. 2002-09-01 [PMID: 12181111] (Porcine)		Porcine
Luo XH, Liao EY, Su X Progesterone upregulates TGF-b isoforms (b1, b2, and b3) expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Calcif. Tissue Int., 2002-08-06;71(4):329-34. 2002-08-06 [PMID: 12154395] (Human)		Human
Truckenmiller ME, Vawter MP, Zhang P, Conejero-Goldberg C, Dillon-Carter O, Morales N, Cheadle C, Becker KG, Freed WJ AF5, a CNS cell line immortalized with an N-terminal fragment of SV40 large T: growth, differentiation, genetic stability, and gene expression. Exp. Neurol., 2002-06-01;175(0):318. 2002-06-01 [PMID: 12061863] (Rat)		Rat
Kalliomaki M, Ouwehand A, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Isolauri E Transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk: a potential regulator of atopic disease at an early age. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1999-12-01;104(6):1251-7. 1999-12-01 [PMID: 10589009] (Human)		Human
Show All 58 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array DB250

• TGF-beta 2 Antibodies
• TGF-beta 2 Lysate
• TGF-beta 2 Proteins and Enzymes
• TGF-beta 2 ELISAs