Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser40] Antibody

The tetrameric enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also designated as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TY3H), is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis and has a theoretical molecular weight of 60 kDa. Encoded by the TH gene, TH catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The precursor of catecholamines, L-dopa, is converted to dopamine for use in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1) . Dysfunction in the TH gene, and thus the enzymatic activity by TH, dysregulates catecholamine synthesis.

Two transcription factor binding sites in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been implicated in the complex regulation of the TH gene. Dysregulation of breakdown for the amino acid, tyrosine, by TH is a result of a genetic disorder that results in Tyrosinemia (high levels of tyrosine in the blood, tissue and organs).

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, where individuals display symptoms that include lack of coordination when walking, postural tremors and unusual body positioning. TH deficient dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of TH and is diagnosed during childhood with characteristic symptoms including increased muscle tone (dystonia) and signs of Parkinsonism like bradykinesia, tremors, rigidity and postural instability (2). Correspondingly, TH is also linked to Parkinson's disease in older adults, where low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Functional polymorphisms of the TH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and other affective disorders where dopamine is often dysregulated (3).

References

1. Hamanaka, Y., & Mizunami, M. (2019). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the mushroom body of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Cell Tissue Res, 376(1), 97-111. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2969-9

2. Li, L., & Zhou, F. M. (2013). Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience, 236, 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065

3. Borkar, C. D., Bharne, A. P., Nagalakshmi, B., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., & Kokare, D. M. (2018). Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide (CART) Alleviates MK-801-Induced Schizophrenic Dementia-Like Symptoms. Neuroscience, 375, 94-107. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.056

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-Fr, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 10.

Publications using NB300-173	Applications	Species
Naumova AA, Oleynik EA, Khramtsova AV et al. Short-term hindlimb unloading negatively affects dopaminergic transmission in the nigrostriatal system of mice Developmental neurobiology 2023-07-24 [PMID: 37489016]
Thapa D, Valente JS, Barrett B Et al. Dysfunctional TRPM8 signalling in the vascular response to environmental cold in ageing eLife 2021-11-02 [PMID: 34726597] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Bourdon R Regulation of epinephrine biosynthesis by intermittent and continuous hypoxia Nat Commun 2020-02-07 [PMID: 32024825]
Gassmann M, Pfistner C, Doan VD et al. Impaired ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in female mice overexpressing erythropoietin: unexpected deleterious effect of estradiol in carotid bodies. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010-12-01 [PMID: 20861276] (ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, Mouse)	ICC/IF, IHC-Fr	Mouse
Soliz J, Joseph V, Soulage C et al. Erythropoietin regulates hypoxic ventilation in mice by interacting with brainstem and carotid bodies J Physiol. 2005-10-15 [PMID: 16051624] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Witkovsky P, Gabriel R, Haycock JW et al. Influence of light and neural circuitry on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in the rat retina. J Chem Neuroanat. 2000-06-01 [PMID: 10936746] (IHC-Fr)	IHC-Fr
Acosta GHG. Susceptibility of parkinson's disease following mild blast traumatic brain injury Thesis. 2014-08-01 (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Acosta G, Race N, Herr S et al. Acrolein-mediated alpha-synuclein pathology involvement in the early post-injury pathogenesis of mild blast-induced Parkinsonian neurodegeneration Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2019-06-12 [PMID: 31201929] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Salvatore, MF et al. Stoichiometry of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in the nigrostriatal mesolimbic systems in vivo: effects of acute haloperidol related compounds. J Neurochem, 75: 225-232. 2000-01-01 [PMID: 10854265]
Lew, JY et al. Increased site-specific phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase accompanies stimulation of enzymatic activity induced by cessation of dopamine neuronal activity. Mol Pharm, 55: 202-209. 1998-01-01 [PMID: 9927609]

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
	4 reviewed by: Verified Customer	IHC-Fr	Mouse	03/23/2010	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Frozen Sample Tested mouse brain Species Mouse Lot ajo1009

Array NB300-173

• Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibodies
• Tyrosine Hydroxylase ELISA Kits
• Tyrosine Hydroxylase Lysate
• Tyrosine Hydroxylase Proteins