TLR3 Antibody (40C1285.6) - BSA Free

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the innate immune response, recognizing distinct pathogen-associate molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). The TLR family member TLR3 specifically recognizes and binds double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses and the synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (1-5). TLR3 is typically expressed in the endosomes of innate immune cells including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) (1-5). TLR3 is also localized on the cell surface of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells (1-5). The human TLR3 protein is 904 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 104 kDa (6). It consists of a 23 aa signal sequence, a horseshoe-shaped 681 aa extracellular domain (ECD) containing 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a 21 aa helical transmembrane domain, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic region containing a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain (1,6). Upon ligand binding, TLR3-ECD dimerizes and the adapter protein TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF/TICAM1) is recruited (1-5). TRIF interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6 and results in a signal transduction cascade involving activation of transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activation protein-1 (AP-1) (1-5). Transcription factors translocate to the nucleus, driving type I interferon (IFN) production, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor regression (1-5). Furthermore, TRIF can also interact with receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis (1,2,5). Conversely, NF-kappaB transcription can also promote chemokine production and promote the WNT pathway associated with stemness and pro-tumorigenic properties (1,5).

Given the role of TLR3 in immune response, its expression or dysfunction has been associated with a number of pathologies from chronic inflammation to autoimmune disorders and cancer (1-5,7). TLR3 is expressed in many cancer types, often related to viral infection, such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (1,5). TLR3 signaling has a dual role in cancer, either contributing to pro- or anti-tumor properties depending on the type of cancer (1,5). Therapeutic targeting the TLR3 signaling pathway is under investigation. TLR3 inhibitors or antagonists are being studied for the treatment autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as of sepsis and atherosclerosis (2,8). TLR3 agonists, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or therapeutic agents, are being studied as immunotherapeutic treatments of many cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma (7).

References

1. Zheng X, Li S, Yang H. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Human Tumors. Front Immunol. 2021;12:667454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.667454

2. Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ. 2022;S1443-9506(22)00080-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012

3. Bianchi F, Pretto S, Tagliabue E, Balsari A, Sfondrini L. Exploiting poly(I:C) to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2017;18(10):747-756. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2017.1373220

4. Matsumoto M, Seya T. TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C). Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(7):805-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.005

5. Muresan XM, Bouchal J, Culig Z, Soucek K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113227

6. Uniprot (O15455)

7. Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1771143. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1771143

8. Gao W, Xiong Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics. Front Physiol. 2017;8:508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00508

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 6 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Bovine, Canine, Porcine, Sheep.

We have publications tested in 8 applications: BA, FLOW, Flow Cytometry Control, ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-P, WB, Western Blot.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 87. Show All 87 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP2-24875	Applications	Species
Haddaoui HE, van Eijck CW, Doukas M et al. Rintatolimod: a potential treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer expressing Toll-like receptor 3 American journal of cancer research 2023-06-15 [PMID: 37424830] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Xiao J, Huang J, Jian X et al. IRE1? arm of unfolded protein response in muscle-specific TGF-? signaling-mediated regulation of muscle cell immunological properties Cellular & molecular biology letters 2023-02-27 [PMID: 36849929] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Eskuri M, Kemi N, Helminen O et al. Toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8 and 9 in Gastric Cancer APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2022-10-22 [PMID: 36271773]
Lam LKM, Dobkin J, Eckart KA et al. Bat Red Blood Cells express Nucleic Acid Sensing Receptors and bind RNA and DNA Immunohorizons 2022-05-20 [PMID: 35595326]
Stolberg-Stolberg J, Boettcher A, Sambale M et al. Toll-like receptor 3 activation promotes joint degeneration in osteoarthritis Cell death & disease 2022-03-11 [PMID: 35277480] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Su R, Cai L, Xiong P et al. TLR3 Expression is a Potential Prognosis Biomarker and Shapes the Immune-Active Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Journal of inflammation research 2022-02-28 [PMID: 35250293] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Wolpaw A, Grossmann L, Dong M, et al. Epigenetic state determines inflammatory sensing in neuroblastoma Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022-02-05 [PMID: 35121657]
Lincez PJ, Shanina I, Horwitz MS Changes in MDA5 and TLR3 Sensing of the Same Diabetogenic Virus Result in Different Autoimmune Disease Outcomes Frontiers in immunology 2021-11-05 [PMID: 34804036] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Branchi V, Esser L, Boden C et al. A Combined TLR7/TLR9/GATA3 Score Can Predict Prognosis in Biliary Tract Cancer Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021-09-01 [PMID: 34573939] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Li Y, Chen X, Jin R et al. Injectable hydrogel with MSNs/microRNA-21-5p delivery enables both immunomodification and enhanced angiogenesis for myocardial infarction therapy in pigs Science advances 2021-02-05 [PMID: 33627421] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Yoshida T, Miura T, Matsumiya T et al. Toll-Like Receptor 3 as a Recurrence Risk Factor and a Potential Molecular Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020-10-02 [PMID: 33061521] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Shang L, Deng D, Roffel S, Gibbs S Differential influence of Streptococcus mitis on host response to metals in reconstructed human skin and oral mucosa Contact Derm. 2020-07-16 [PMID: 32677222] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Szollosi, A G, McDonald, I Et al. TLR3 in Chronic Human Itch: A Keratinocyte-Associated Mechanism of Peripheral Itch Sensitization. J Invest Dermatol 2019-11-01 [PMID: 31129058] (ICC/IF, Porcine, Mouse, Bovine, Sheep)	ICC/IF	Porcine, Mouse, Bovine, Sheep
Igase M, Shousu K, Fujiki N et al. Anti-tumour activity of oncolytic reovirus against canine histiocytic sarcoma cells Vet Comp Oncol 2019-02-14 [PMID: 30761736] (WB, Canine)	WB	Canine
Gao X, Gao S, Guan Y et al. Toll-like receptor 3 controls QT interval on the electrocardiogram by targeting the degradation of Kv4.2/4.3 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum FASEB J. 2019-02-13 [PMID: 30758987] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Regel I, Raulefs S, Benitz S et al. Loss of TLR3 and its downstream signaling accelerates acinar cell damage in the acute phase of pancreatitis Pancreatology 2019-01-01 [PMID: 30583980] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Zhu J, Message SD, Mallia P et al. Bronchial mucosal Interferon-A/B and pattern recognition receptor expression in experimental rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2018-04-23 [PMID: 29698627] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Gu R, Ding M, Shi D et al. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Mediates IFN-gamma-Induced Immune Behaviors in Skeletal Muscle Cells Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2018-03-22 [PMID: 29590648] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Zou Haitao, Su Ruixue, Ruan Jing et al. Toll-like receptor 3 pathway restricts Marek's disease virus infection. Oncotarget 2017-01-01 [PMID: 29050325] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Auger Jean-Philippe, Santinon Agustina, Roy David et al. Type I Interferon Induced by Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 is Strain-Dependent and May Be Beneficial for Host Survival. Frontiers in Immunology 2017-08-28 [PMID: 28894449] (BA, Mouse)	BA	Mouse
Larsson O, Tengroth L, Xu Y et al. Substance P represents a novel first-line defense mechanism in the nose. J Allergy Clin Immunol. [PMID: 28219705] (FLOW, Mouse) Details: Citation using the FITC form of this antibody.	FLOW	Mouse
Brempelis KJ, Yuen SY, Schwarz N et al. Central Role of the TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-b (TRIF) Adaptor Protein in Murine Sterile Liver Injury. Hepatology. 2017-01-24 [PMID: 28120431] (Mouse)		Mouse
Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH et al. Localization of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human and mouse pancreas. APMIS. 2016-12-28 [PMID: 28028829] (IF/IHC, Mouse, Human)	IF/IHC	Mouse, Human
Helminen O, Huhta H, Lehenkari Petri P. Nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 8 in esophageal epithelium, Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma Oncoimmunology 2016-07-29 [PMID: 27467941]
Huhta H, Helminen O, Kauppila JH et al. The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Normal Human and Murine Gastrointestinal Organs and the Effect of Microbiome and Cancer J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2016-08-01 [PMID: 27370795] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Silva-Barrios S, Smans M, Duerr CU et al. Innate Immune B Cell Activation by Leishmania donovani Exacerbates Disease and Mediates Hypergammaglobulinemia. Cell Rep. 2016-06-14 [PMID: 27264176] (ICC/IF, Mouse) Details: This citation used the DyLight 650 version of this antibody.	ICC/IF	Mouse
Evangelista MG, Castro SB, Alves CC et al. Early IFN-gamma production together with decreased expression of TLR3 and TLR9 characterizes EAE development conditional on the presence of myelin. Autoimmunity [PMID: 26911613] (FLOW, Mouse) Details: Used the PE form of this antibody.	FLOW	Mouse
Yang Y, Wang SY, Huang ZF et al. The RNA-binding protein Mex3B is a coreceptor of Toll-like receptor 3 in innate antiviral response Cell Res. 2016-03-01 [PMID: 26823206] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Reins RY, Baidouri H, McDermott AM. Vitamin D Activation and Function in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells During TLR-Induced Inflammation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2015-12-01 [PMID: 26641549] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Jamin A, Dehoux L, Dossier C et al. Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Clin Exp Immunol. [PMID: 26123900] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Hamidi S. Molecular mechanisms of the dermal immune response: cooperation between Toll-like receptors and Sphingosine-1-phosphate in fibroblasts. Thesis. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 25535040] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: TLR3 antibody used for ICC-IF in experiments involving primary cultures of normal human dermal fibroblasts isolated from human juvenile foreskin.	ICC/IF	Human
El Machhour F, Keuylian Z, Kavvadas P et al. Activation of Notch3 in Glomeruli Promotes the Development of Rapidly Progressive Renal Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2014-11-24 [PMID: 25421577] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Tengroth L, Arebro J, Kumlien Georen S et al. Deprived TLR9 Expression in Apparently Healthy Nasal Mucosa Might Trigger Polyp-Growth in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. PLoS ONE. 2014-08-19 [PMID: 25133733] (FLOW, Human) Details: This citation used the Alexa Fluor 488 version of this antibody.	FLOW	Human
Li J, Setiawan M, Wu H et al. Regulation of toll-like receptor expression in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm. 2014-06-30 [PMID: 24976686] (WB, Human) Details: Figs 2c, d: HCET human immortalized corneal and IOBA-NHC conjunctival epithelial cells.	WB	Human
Chatterjee P, Chiasson VL, Seerangan G et al. Cotreatment With Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 10 Modulates Immune Cells and Prevents Hypertension in Pregnant Mice. Am. J. Hypertens. 2014-06-06 [PMID: 24906486] (WB, Mouse) Details: Fig 4a,b: placenta	WB	Mouse
Tengroth L, Millrud C, Kvarnhammar A, Kumlien Georen S, Latif L, Cardell L Functional effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, 7, 9, RIG-I and MDA-5 stimulation in nasal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013-11-30 [PMID: 24886842] (IHC-P, ICC/IF, Human) Details: Citation using the HRP format of this antibody.	IHC-P, ICC/IF	Human
Green TL, Santos MF, Ejaeidi AA et al. Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression of immune system cells from metastatic breast cancer patients with circulating tumor cells. Exp Mol Pathol. 2014-08-01 [PMID: 24836676] (Flow Cytometry Control, Human) Details: Citation using the Azide Free format of this antibody.	Flow Cytometry Control	Human
Ichikawa T, Sugiura H, Koarai A et al. TLR3 Activation Augments Matrix Metalloproteinase Production through Reactive Nitrogen Species Generation in Human Lung Fibroblasts. J. Immunol. 2014-04-23 [PMID: 24760149] (ICC/IF, WB, Human) Details: Primary fetal and adult lung fibroblasts: IF (Fig S1A), WB (Figs 9E, S1B). The specificity of the mAb was validated with TLR3 siRNA in lung fibroblasts by WB (Fig 1B).	ICC/IF, WB	Human
Pohar J, Pirher N, Ben?ina M et al. The Ectodomain of TLR3 Receptor Is Required for Its Plasma Membrane Translocation. PLoS ONE 2014-03-21 [PMID: 24651829] (WB, Human) Details: TLR3 transfected HEk293T cells, Figs 3B, S1C. TLR3 was detected at approx 130 kDa (Fig 3B). The TLR3 mAb detected TLR3 as well as a differentially glycosylated form of TLR3 which runs at a slightly higher molecular weight (Fig S1C). The TLR3 mAb recognize	WB	Human
Hamidi S, Schafer-Korting M, Weindl G et al. TLR2/1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate modulate inflammation, myofibroblast differentiation and cell migration in fibroblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2014-01-15 [PMID: 24440818] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: Dermal fibroblasts, data described but not shown.	ICC/IF	Human
Anagandula M, Richardson SJ, Oberste MS et al. Infection of human islets of langerhans with two strains of coxsackie B virus serotype 1: Assessment of virus replication, degree of cell death and induction of genes involved in the innate immunity pathway. J Med Virol 2013-11-19 [PMID: 24249667] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Human pancreas, Fig 7B-C;TLR3 expression in duct epithelial cells served as an internal positive control (Fig 7C).	IHC-P	Human
Fadnis PR, Ravi V, Desai A et al. Innate immune mechanisms in Japanese encephalitis virus infection: effect on transcription of pattern recognition receptors in mouse neuronal cells and brain tissue. Viral Immunol 2013-12-01 [PMID: 24236856] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Ostvik AE, Granlund AV, Torp SH et al. Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 3 is enhanced in active Inflammatory Bowel Disease and mediates the excessive release of Lipocalin 2. Clin Exp Immunol 2013-09-01 [PMID: 23668802]
Abdi J, Mutis T, Garssen J, Redegeld F. Characterization of the Toll-like receptor expression profile in human multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One. 2013-04-08 [PMID: 23593278] Details: Antibodies cited [multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, human intestine tissue lysate, PBMC, mouse splenocytes] for WB (Figs 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5, Table 1) and Flow (Intracellular): Figs 4C, 6-8, Table 1: 1. TLR1 (IMG-5012) 2. TLR2 (IMG-416A)3. TLR3 (IMG-315A)4 TL
Yan K, Zhu W, Yu L et al. Toll-like receptor 3 and RIG-I-like receptor activation induces innate antiviral responses in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013-06-15 [PMID: 23567548]
Pohar J, Pirher N, Bencina M et al. The role of UNC93B1 protein in surface localization of TLR3 receptor and in cell priming to nucleic acid agonists. J Biol Chem. 2013-01-04 [PMID: 23166319]
Yamashita M, Chattopadhyay S, Fensterl V et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor is essential for Toll-like receptor 3 signaling. Sci Signal. 2012-07-17 [PMID: 22810896]
Kleinman ME, Kaneko H, Cho WG et al. Short-interfering RNAs induce retinal degeneration via TLR3 and IRF3. Mol Ther. 2012-01-01 [PMID: 21988875] Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 pAb (IMG-516): IHC (P), Fig 4D (mouse eye sections) 2. TLR3-PE mAb (IMG-315D): Flow (Surface) and Flow (Intracellular), Fig 4F [primary human retinal pigment epithelium cell isolates (hRPE)]. TLR3 was expressed on both the cell s
Menendez Daniel, Shatz Maria, Azzam Kathleen et al. The Toll-like receptor gene family is integrated into human DNA damage and p53 networks. PLoS Genet. 2011-03-01 [PMID: 21483755] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Kuznik A, Bencina M, Svajger U et al. Mechanism of endosomal TLR inhibition by antimalarial drugs and imidazoquinolines. J Immunol. 2011-04-15 [PMID: 21398612]
Dasgupta G, Chentoufi AA, You S et al. Engagement of TLR2 reverses the suppressor function of conjunctiva CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and promotes herpes simplex virus epitope-specific CD4+CD25- effector T cell responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011-05-17 [PMID: 21273544] Details: Products cited: Flow (intracellular), Fig 1A ( CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells purified from rabbit conjunctiva) & Fig 2A (CD11b+ cells isolated from rabbit conjunctiva): TLR2/CD282 PE (IMG-416D), TLR3/CD283 (IMG-315D), TLR4/CD284 (IMG-417D), TLR8/CD288 (IMG
Peltier Daniel C, Simms Allison, Farmer Jocelyn R, Miller David J. Human neuronal cells possess functional cytoplasmic and TLR-mediated innate immune pathways influenced by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling. J Immunol. 2010-06-15 [PMID: 20483728] (ICC/IF)	ICC/IF
Taura Manabu, Fukuda Ryosuke, Suico Mary Ann et al. TLR3 induction by anticancer drugs potentiates poly I:C-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Cancer Sci. 2010-07-01 [PMID: 20367642]
Johnston MJ, Wang A, Catarino ME et al. Extracts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, suppress macrophage activation in vitro and alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice. Infect Immun. 2010-03-01 [PMID: 20028812]
Menager P, Roux P, Megret F et al. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a major role in the formation of rabies virus Negri Bodies. PLoS Pathog. 2009-02-01 [PMID: 19247444]
Sacre SM, Lo A, Gregory B et al. Inhibitors of TLR8 reduce TNF production from human rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures. J Immunol. 2008-12-01 [PMID: 19017992]
Taura Manabu, Eguma Ayaka, Suico Mary Ann et al. p53 regulates Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in human epithelial cell lines. Mol Cell Biol. 2008-11-01 [PMID: 18779317]
Cohen PA, Koski GK, Czerniecki BJ et al. STAT3- and STAT5-dependent pathways competitively regulate the pan-differentiation of CD34pos cells into tumor-competent dendritic cells. Blood. 2008-09-01 [PMID: 18577706] Details: Flow (intracellular), mouse bone marrow cells, Fig. 1E: 1. TLR3 FITC (IMG-315C) 2. TLR4 FITC (IMG-417C) 3. TLR7 (IMG-665A) 4. TLR8 FITC (IMG-321C) 5. TLR9 FITC (IMG-305C).
Fukuda Kotaro, Watanabe Tomoya, Tokisue Takashi et al. Modulation of double-stranded RNA recognition by the N-terminal histidine-rich region of the human toll-like receptor 3. J Biol Chem. 2008-08-15 [PMID: 18544529] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Burgener IA, Jungi TW. Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2008-07-15 [PMID: 18439687] Details: Canine (dog) PBMC subpopulations: 1. 10083K [IC-Flow (Intracellular Staining Flow Assay) Kit.
Kleinman ME, Yamada K, Takeda A et al. Sequence- and target-independent angiogenesis suppression by siRNA via TLR3. Nature. 2008-04-03 [PMID: 18368052]
Kim H, Yang E, Lee J et al. Double-stranded RNA mediates interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and interleukin-6 production by engaging Toll-like receptor 3 in human brain astrocytes. Immunology. 2008-08-01 [PMID: 18248388]
Duffy KE, Lamb RJ, San Mateo LR et al. Down modulation of human TLR3 function by a monoclonal antibody. Cell Immunol. 2007-08-01 [PMID: 18048020]
Morikawa T, Sugiyama A, Kume H et al. Identification of Toll-like receptor 3 as a potential therapeutic target in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007-10-01 [PMID: 17908959]
Lundberg AM, Drexler SK, Monaco C et al. Key differences in TLR3/poly I:C signaling and cytokine induction by human primary cells: a phenomenon absent from murine cell systems. Blood. 2007-11-01 [PMID: 17660379] Details: TLR3-FITC (IMG-315C) used in Flow (Intracellular) and Flow (Cell surface): Fig 1B (human dendritic cells, macrophages, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts, and endothelial cells).
Ranjith-Kumar CT, Miller W, Sun J et al. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on Toll-like receptor 3 activity and expression in cultured cells. J Biol Chem. 2007-06-15 [PMID: 17434873] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Wong CK, Cheung PF, Ip WK et al. Intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating toll-like receptor-mediated activation of eosinophils. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007-07-01 [PMID: 17332440] Details: Human blood eosinophils and neutrophils from buffy coat: For WB, Fig. 1A: TLR1 (IMG-5012), TLR5 (IMG-664), TLR6 (IMG-304A), TLR7 (IMG-540), TLR8 (IMG-321A), TLR9 (IMG-305A). For Flow (Intracellular) and Flow (Surface), Fig. 1B: TLR1 (IMG-5021), TLR2 (IMG-416C), TLR3 (IMG-315C), TLR4 (IMG-417C), TLR5 (IMG-663C), TLR6 (IMG-304C), TLR7 (IMG-665A), TLR8 (IMG-321C), TLR9 (IMG-305C).
Ranjith-Kumar CT, Miller W, Xiong J et al. Biochemical and functional analyses of the human Toll-like receptor 3 ectodomain. J Biol Chem. 2007-03-09 [PMID: 17209042] (WB, Human) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315A) [WB, Fig1A, Fig3B, Fig4D, Fig5D, Fig7B (human TLR3 transfected cells)] 2. TLR3 (IMG-315C) [IF, Fig3C, Fig4E, Fig5E, Fig7C, Fig9D (human transfected cells)]. Antibody specificity validated by WB (IMG-315A) and by IF (IM	WB	Human
Xu S, Koldovsky U, Xu M et al High-avidity antitumor T-cell generation by toll receptor 8-primed, myeloid- derived dendritic cells is mediated by IL-12 production. Surgery. 2006-08-01 [PMID: 16904966] Details: Citation using the Azide Free version of this antibody.
Johnsen IB, Nguyen TT, Ringdal M et al. Toll-like receptor 3 associates with c-Src tyrosine kinase on endosomes to initiate antiviral signaling. EMBO J. 2006-07-26 [PMID: 16858407] (Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot)	Western Blot
Yang X, Murthy V, Schultz K et al. Toll-like receptor 3 signaling evokes a proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006-11-01 [PMID: 16782847] (WB) Details: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [WB, used in siRNA assay)].	WB
Sun J, Duffy KE, Ranjith-Kumar CT et al. Structural and functional analyses of the human Toll-like receptor 3. Role of glycosylation. J Biol Chem. 2006-04-21 [PMID: 16533755] (WB) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315A) [WB, Fig.1C, Fig.2D, Fig.4A (293T cells)].	WB
Bauer JMJ. Interferon-b moduliert die Expression von Toll-like Rezeptoren in mononuklearen Blutzellen und induziert Toll-like Rezeptor 7 in plasmazytoiden dendritischen Zellen von Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose. thesis. 2015-11-12
LeBouder E, Rey-Nores JE, Raby AC et al. Modulation of neonatal microbial recognition: TLR-mediated innate immune responses are specifically and differentially modulated by human milk. J Immunol. 2006-03-15 [PMID: 16517743] (FLOW) Details: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [Flow (Cell Surface), Fig.3 (dendritic cells)]. 2. TLR5 (IMG-663) [Flow (Cell Surface), Fig.2 (dendritic cells)].	FLOW
Mansson A, Adner M, Cardell LO. Toll-like receptors in cellular subsets of human tonsil T cells: altered expression during recurrent tonsillitis. Respir Res. 2006-02-27 [PMID: 16504163] Details: Antibodies cited (human tonsils separated into cell subtypes): 1. TLR3 [IMG-315D (Flow-Intracellular), Figs 5 and 6]. 2. TLR5 [IMG-663A (Flow-Intracellular), Fig 6]. 3. TLR9 [IMG-305C (Flow-Intracellular), Fig 4.].
Groskreutz DJ, Monick MM, Powers LS et al. Respiratory syncytial virus induces TLR3 protein and protein kinase R, leading to increased double-stranded RNA responsiveness in airway epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2006-02-01 [PMID: 16424203] (ICC/IF, FLOW) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [IF/ICC and Flow (cell surface), Figs. 4, 6 (A549 cells)].	ICC/IF, FLOW
Qi HY, Shelhamer JH. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling regulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation and lipid generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J Biol Chem. 2005-11-25 [PMID: 16176925] (WB) Details: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [WB, Fig.3, (RAW264.7)].	WB
de Bouteiller O, Merck E, Hasan UA et al. Recognition of double-stranded RNA by human toll-like receptor 3 and downstream receptor signaling requires multimerization and an acidic pH. J Biol Chem. 2005-11-18 [PMID: 16144834] (WB) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315A) [WB, Fig.1A, 1B, 1C (HEK293 and HEK293T cells)].	WB
Furrie E, Macfarlane S, Thomson G et al. Toll-like receptors-2, -3 and -4 expression patterns on human colon and their regulation by mucosal-associated bacteria. Immunology. 2005-08-01 [PMID: 16011525] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [IHC-P, Fig.2 (normal human colon)].	IHC-P	Human
Schneeman TA, Bruno ME, Schjerven H et al. Regulation of the polymeric Ig receptor by signaling through TLRs 3 and 4: linking innate and adaptive immune responses. J Immunol. 2005-07-01 [PMID: 15972671] (ICC/IF) Details: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) 2. TLR4 (IMG-417) [IF/ICC, Fig.3 (HT29 cells)].	ICC/IF
Ueta M, Hamuro J, Kiyono H, Kinoshita S. Triggering of TLR3 by polyI:C in human corneal epithelial cells to induce inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005-05-27 [PMID: 15845391] Details: TLR3 (IMG-315) [Flow (cell surface), Fig.2 (MRC-5 and HCEC cells), Fig.4C (HCEC, HCFB, MRC-5, and HeLa cells), Fig.6B (HCEC cells)].
Francois S et al. Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by TLR agonists in whole blood: involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, leading to increased levels of Mcl-1, A1, and phosphorylated Bad J Immunol [PMID: 15749901] (WB, Human) Details: Used the FITC form of this antibody.	WB	Human
Li K, Chen Z, Kato N et al. Distinct poly(I-C) and virus-activated signaling pathways leading to interferon-beta production in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 2005-04-29 [PMID: 15737993] (WB) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315A) [WB, Fig.6B, (ISG15, ISG56, MxA)].	WB
Harii N, Lewis CJ, Vasko V et al. Thyrocytes express a functional toll-like receptor 3: overexpression can be induced by viral infection and reversed by phenylmethimazole and is associated with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Mol Endocrinol. 2005-05-01 [PMID: 15661832] (IF/IHC, Immunoprecipitation)	IF/IHC
Funami K, Matsumoto M, Oshiumi H et al. The cytoplasmic 'linker region' in Toll-like receptor 3 controls receptor localization and signaling. Int Immunol. 2004-08-01 [PMID: 15226270]
Wen L, Peng J, Li Z, Wong FS. The effect of innate immunity on autoimmune diabetes and the expression of Toll-like receptors on pancreatic islets. J Immunol. 2004-03-01 [PMID: 14978124] Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-315) [Flow, Fig.4C (J774 cells) and Fig.4D (B6/RIP-B7.1 islet cells)].
Matsumoto M et al. Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cells J Immunol 2003-09-10 [PMID: 12960343] (Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot)	Western Blot
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Array NBP2-24875

• TLR3 Antibodies
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