Reactivity | All-MultiSpecies Glossary |
Applications | WB, IHC, B/N |
Clonality | Polyclonal |
Host | Rabbit |
Conjugate | Unconjugated |
Concentration | LYOPH |
Immunogen | Recombinant human TGF‑ beta 1, porcine platelet-derived TGF‑ beta 1.2, porcine platelet-derived TGF‑ beta 2, and recombinant amphibian TGF‑ beta 5 |
Specificity | Detects TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 1.2, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. |
Source | N/A |
Isotype | IgG |
Clonality | Polyclonal |
Host | Rabbit |
Gene | TGFB1 |
Purity Statement | Protein A or G purified |
Endotoxin Note | <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method. |
Innovator's Reward | Test in a species/application not listed above to receive a full credit towards a future purchase. |
Dilutions |
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Publications |
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Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. |
Preservative | No Preservative |
Concentration | LYOPH |
Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 1 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation. Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein. A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1. Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex. Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix. TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGF-beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross-species activity. TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.
Secondary Antibodies |
Isotype Controls |
Neurovascular signaling for repair enhances brain metastasis By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cellular players – neurons, astrocytes, endothelial and stromal cells – involved in post-stroke repair t... Read full blog post. |
Bad news for stomach cancer: BAMBI protein inhibits gastric carcinoma via TGF-beta/epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Gastric carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. One of the key features of gastric carcinoma is acidosis, which promotes growth and metastasis of gastric ... Read full blog post. |
You complete me: Natural killer cells need TGF-beta inhibition to effectively combat cancers By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that were first discovered for their “natural” ability to kill cancer cells. To use NK cells as anti-cancer therapy, t... Read full blog post. |
TGF-beta for treating degenerative intervertebral disc disease By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Our upright posture and balance depend on a jelly-like material, called nucleus pulposus (NP), in the middle of intervertebral discs. NP cells protect us from disc degeneration by maintain... Read full blog post. |
Stemness for Surviving Hypoxia: TGF-beta/Smad Signaling in Multiple Myeloma By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of antibody-producing plasma cells. The bone marrow (BM) of MM patients is hypoxic, and MM cells overexpress many cancerous genes that are regulated by hy... Read full blog post. |
TGF-beta RIII - A multi-functional regulator of the TGF-beta signaling pathway Transforming growth factor-beta receptor III (TGF-beta RIII) is one of three receptors for the secreted growth factor TGF-beta. Unlike type I and type II TGF-beta receptors, TGF-beta RIII does not participate directly in the propagation of intracel... Read full blog post. |
CCR2 or CD192 CCR2 is a receptor for several monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP1, MCP3, MCP4) that specifically govern monocyte chemotaxis. CCR2 transduces its downstream signals through increasing intracellular calcium ion levels. For example, MCP1 regulate... Read full blog post. |
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Gene Symbol | TGFB1 |