| Reactivity | HuSpecies Glossary |
| Applications | Bioactivity |
| Format | Carrier-Free |
| Details of Functionality | Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Recombinant
Human Latent TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 299-LTB) binds to Recombinant
Human LRRC32/GARP (Catalog #
6055-LR) with an ED50 of 3.00-30.0 ng/mL. |
| Source | Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human TGF-beta 1 protein Leu30-Ser390 |
| Accession # | |
| N-terminal Sequence | Leu30 (LAP) & Ala 279 (Mature) |
| Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Proteins |
| Endotoxin Note | <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
| Dilutions |
|
| Theoretical MW | 29 kDa (LAP) & 13 kDa (Mature). Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
| SDS-PAGE | 36-42 kDa & 9-13 kDa, under reducing conditions |
| Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
| Buffer | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. |
TGF- beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -3 are members of the large TGF-beta superfamily. TGF- beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-3). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (4). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-beta 1 (4-6). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (4-8). Purified LAP is also capable of associating with active TGF-beta with high affinity, and can neutralize TGF-beta activity (9). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (5-7). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally, by multiple pathways that include actions of proteases such as plasmin and MMP9, and/or by thrombospondin 1 or selected integrins (5, 8). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while the mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with procine, canine and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1. Although different isoforms of TGF-beta are naturally associated with their own distinct LAPs, the TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with, and inactivating, all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (9). Mutations within the LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF-beta 1 (10).
|
TGF-beta 1 - a versatile signaling molecule with roles in development and disease The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family consists of a wide variety of signaling proteins with roles in development. TGF-beta signaling controls growth, differentiation, and immune responses and is often misregulated in cancer. TGF-beta ... Read full blog post. |
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