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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Full Length) Protein

 (12 Publications)
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Product Details

Summary
Reactivity MuSpecies Glossary
Applications Bioactivity

Order Details

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Catalog# & Formulation Size Price
Carrier Free
472-FF-025/CF
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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Full Length) Protein Summary

Details of Functionality
Measured by its ability to chemoattract freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The ED50 for this effect is 0.2-0.6 µg/mL. Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with mouse CX3CR1. The ED50 for this effect is 0.03-0.12 μg/mL.
Source
Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine protein
Gln25-Arg337 , with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
No results obtained: Gln25 predicted
Protein/Peptide Type
Recombinant Proteins
Gene
Cx3cl1
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Note
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

Dilutions
  • Bioactivity
  • Bioactivity2
Theoretical MW
34 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
SDS-PAGE
90 kDa, reducing conditions
Publications
Read Publications using
472-FF in the following applications:

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Reconstitution Instructions
Reconstitute at 10 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Full Length) Protein

  • ABCD-3
  • C3Xkine
  • chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
  • CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine
  • CX3CL1
  • CXC3
  • CXC3C
  • FKN
  • Fractalkine
  • Neurotactin
  • neurotactin)
  • NTNsmall inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member 1 (fractalkine
  • NTTSmall-inducible cytokine D1
  • SCYD1C-X3-C motif chemokine 1
  • small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member-1

Background

Fractalkine, designated CX3CL1 and also known as neurotactin, is the only member of the CX3C, or delta, chemokine subfamily (1 ‑ 4). Unlike most other chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type I transmembrane (TM) adhesion protein (1). The mouse CX3CL1 cDNA encodes 395 amino acids (aa), including a signal sequence (aa 1 ‑ 24), a chemokine domain (aa 25 ‑ 100), a mucin stalk region (aa 101 ‑ 336), a transmembrane segment (aa 337 ‑ 357), and a cytoplasmic tail (aa 358 ‑ 395). The chemokine domain contains binding and chemotactic determinants, while the mucin stalk appears to function only as a spacer (4, 5). Mouse CX3CL1 shares 85% and 78% aa sequence identity with rat and human CX3CL1, respectively, within the chemokine domain, but lower sequence identity within other domains. CX3CL1 is up‑regulated by pro‑inflammatory stimuli, especially IFN‑ gamma and TNF‑ alpha , on cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelium, neurons, smooth muscle and epithelium lining the intestines and other tubules (1, 8, 9). The 40 kDa, 7‑TM non‑glycosylated G‑protein coupled CX3CL1 receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed by cytotoxic effector cells and cytokine producers, including type I helper and cytotoxic T cells, gamma δ T cells, CD16+ NK cells, monocytes and microglia (1, 2). The 95 ‑ 100 kDa TM CX3CL1 can be inducibly cleaved near the TM segment by ADAM10 or ADAM17 to generate a 60 ‑ 80 kDa soluble form (6, 7). TM CX3CL1 functions as an adhesion molecule, while both forms are chemoattractants for target cells expressing CX3CR1 (1, 2). During extravasation, membrane‑bound CX3CL1 traps leukocytes, then is cleaved to allow diapedesis (6). In coronary artery disease, soluble CX3CL1 and CD8+ T cell CX3CR1 are overexpressed and appear to contribute to pathogenesis (1, 10). In the brain, CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction protects against microglial neurotoxicity (11). CX3CL1 also contributes to wound healing by recruiting macrophages, and to bone resorption by recruiting and mediating adhesion of osteoclast precursors (12, 13).

  1. Stievano, L. et al. (2004) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 24:205.
  2. Umehara, H. et al. (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24:34.
  3. Rossi, D.L. et al. (1998) Genomics 47:163.
  4. Mizoue, L.S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:33906.
  5. Harrison, J.K. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:21632.
  6. Hundhausen, C. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:8064.        
  7. Tsou, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:44622.
  8. Tarozzo, G. et al. (2003) J. Neurosci. Res. 73:81.
  9. Lucas, A.D. et al. (2001) Am. J. Pathol. 158:855.
  10. Damas, J.K. et al. (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25:2567.
  11. Cardona, A.E. et al. (2006) Nat. Neurosci. 9:917.
  12. Koizumi, K. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7825.
  13. Ishida, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:569.

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Recombinant Mouse
CX3CL1/Fractalkine (F ...
472-FF
Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Full Length) Protein
Species: Mu
Applications: Bioactivity

Publications for CX3CL1/Fractalkine (472-FF)(12)

We have publications tested in 1 confirmed species: Mouse.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: Binding Assay, Bioassay, Cell Culture, In Vivo.


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Binding Assay
(1)
Bioassay
(8)
Cell Culture
(1)
In Vivo
(1)
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Mouse
(12)
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Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 12. Show All 12 Publications.
Publications using 472-FF Applications Species
S De Scheppe, JZ Ge, G Crowley, LSS Ferreira, D Garceau, CE Toomey, D Sokolova, J Rueda-Carr, SH Shin, JS Kim, T Childs, T Lashley, JJ Burden, M Sasner, C Sala Frige, S Jung, S Hong Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer&#039;s disease Nature Neuroscience, 2023-02-06;0(0):. 2023-02-06 [PMID: 36747024] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
K Zhou, J Han, H Lund, NR Boggavarap, VM Lauschke, S Goto, H Cheng, Y Wang, A Tachi, C Xie, K Zhu, Y Sun, AM Osman, D Liang, W Han, K Gemzell-Da, C Betsholtz, XM Zhang, C Zhu, M Enge, B Joseph, RA Harris, K Blomgren An overlooked subset of Cx3cr1wt/wt microglia in the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse has a repopulation advantage over Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt microglia following microglial depletion Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2022-01-21;19(1):20. 2022-01-21 [PMID: 35062962] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
EJ Park, PK Myint, MG Appiah, P Worawattan, J Inprasit, O Prajuabjin, ZY Soe, A Gaowa, E Kawamoto, M Shimaoka Ligand-competent fractalkine receptor is expressed on exosomes Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2021-02-02;26(0):100932. 2021-02-02 [PMID: 33553692] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
S Otobe, T Hisamoto, T Miyagaki, S Morimura, H Suga, M Sugaya, S Sato CX3CR1 Deficiency Attenuates DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Through Skewed Polarization Towards M2 Phenotype in Macrophages Int J Mol Sci, 2020-10-07;21(19):. 2020-10-07 [PMID: 33036460] (Cell Culture, Mouse) Cell Culture Mouse
M Mizoguchi, Y Ishida, M Nosaka, A Kimura, Y Kuninaka, T Yahata, S Nanjo, S Toujima, S Minami, K Ino, N Mukaida, T Kondo Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor by the lack of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction in mice PLoS ONE, 2018-11-06;13(11):e0207085. 2018-11-06 [PMID: 30399192] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
Y Zhang, L Zhao, X Wang, W Ma, A Lazere, HH Qian, J Zhang, M Abu-Asab, RN Fariss, JE Roger, WT Wong Repopulating retinal microglia restore endogenous organization and function under CX3CL1-CX3CR1 regulation Sci Adv, 2018-03-21;4(3):eaap8492. 2018-03-21 [PMID: 29750189] (Mouse) Mouse
N Kemmerling, P Wunderlich, S Theil, B Linnartz-G, N Hersch, B Hoffmann, MT Heneka, B de Stroope, H Neumann, J Walter Intramembranous processing by ?-secretase regulates reverse signaling of ephrin-B2 in migration of microglia Glia, 2017-04-03;0(0):. 2017-04-03 [PMID: 28370426] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
Progesterone Attenuates Microglial-Driven Retinal Degeneration and Stimulates Protective Fractalkine-CX3CR1 Signaling PLoS ONE, 2016-11-04;11(11):e0165197. 2016-11-04 [PMID: 27814376] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
McComb JG, Ranganathan M, Liu XH, Pilewski JM, Ray P, Watkins SC, Choi AM, Lee JS CX3CL1 up-regulation is associated with recruitment of CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes and T lymphocytes in the lungs during cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Am. J. Pathol., 2008-09-04;173(4):949-61. 2008-09-04 [PMID: 18772344] (In Vivo, Mouse) In Vivo Mouse
Ishida Y, Hayashi T, Goto T, Kimura A, Akimoto S, Mukaida N, Kondo T Essential involvement of CX3CR1-mediated signals in the bactericidal host defense during septic peritonitis. J. Immunol., 2008-09-15;181(6):4208-18. 2008-09-15 [PMID: 18768878] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
Show All 12 Publications.

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Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Catalog&nbsp;# 365-FR) chemoattracts the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with&nbsp;mouse CX3CR1 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (Catalog&nbsp;# AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (100&nbsp;ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog&nbsp;# AF365). The ND50 is typically 0.75-4.5&nbsp;µg/mL.
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1 µg/lane of Recombinant Human TNF-alpha was resolved by SDS-PAGE with silver staining, under reducing (R) conditions, showing a band at 17 kDa.
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Bioinformatics

Gene Symbol Cx3cl1
Uniprot