HLA G Antibody (MEM-G/1) - BSA Free

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene belonging to the HLA class I family. The HLA class I family is subdivided into the classical (HLA-Ia) antigens comprised of HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules and the nonclassical (HLA-Ib) group including the HLA-E, -F, and -G molecules. Seven different splice variants of HLA-G have been observed including four membrane isoforms (HLA-G1, HLA-G2, HLA-G3, and HLA-G4) and three soluble isoforms (HLA-G5, HLA-G6 and HLA-G7). Proteolytic processing of HLA-G1 by metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 produces the soluble isoform, shedding HLA-G1. The HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 isoforms share a similar confirmation to the classical MHC class I protein, consisting of three extracellular domains including alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 associated with Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Other HLA-G variants are shorter, missing one or two of the globular domains and are not bound to B2M. HLA-G receptors include KIR2DL4 (CD158d), with the highest affinity for ILT2 (LILRB1, CD85j) and ILT4 (LILRB2, CD85d) (1,2).

Discovered in cytotrophoblasts, HLA-G is involved in fetal maternal immune tolerance and some studies have linked its downregulation with severe preeclampsia (3). HLA-G mediated immune suppression works by impeding cell proliferation, differentiation, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and chemotaxis; and activation of regulatory cells and MDSCs or M2 type macrophage. HLA-G is constitutively expressed in immune-privileged sites such as pancreatic islets, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the cornea. Upregulation of HLA-G occurs in pathological states including cancer, allo-transplantations, viral infections, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (4). In cancer, HLA-G expression is induced by hypoxia and has been correlated with advanced tumor stage, tumor metastasis, and poor therapeutic response and survival. HLA-G is an attractive tumor associated-antigen (TAA) for immunotherapy and is considered a major immune checkpoint (ICP).

References

1. Loustau, M., Anna, F., Drean, R., Lecomte, M., Langlade-Demoyen, P., & Caumartin, J. (2020). HLA-G Neo-Expression on Tumors. Front Immunol, 11:1685. PMID: 32922387

2. Lin A, Yan WH. (2018) Heterogeneity of HLA-G Expression in Cancers: Facing the Challenges. Front Immunol. 9:2164. PMID: 30319626

3. Djurisic S, Hviid TV. (2014) HLA Class Ib Molecules and Immune Cells in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Front Immunol. 5:652. PMID: 25566263

4. Lila N, Rouas-Freiss N, Dausset J, Carpentier A, Carosella ED. (2001) Soluble HLA-G protein secreted by allo-specific CD4+ T cells suppresses the allo-proliferative response: a CD4+ T cell regulatory mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98(21):12150-12155. PMID: 11572934

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 1 confirmed species: Human.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-P, Immunohistochemistry, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 7 of 7.

Publications using NB500-302	Applications	Species
Georgiadou D, Boussata S, Keijser R et al. Knockdown of Splicing Complex Protein PCBP2 Reduces Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation Through Transcript Switching Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2021-05-20 [PMID: 34095140] (Immunohistochemistry)	Immunohistochemistry
Liyan Duan, Beatrix Reisch, Antonella Iannaccone, Elina Hadrovic, Yuqing Wu, Rebekka Vogtmann, Elke Winterhager, Rainer Kimmig, Angela Köninger, Pawel Mach, Alexandra Gellhaus Abnormal expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-H4 in placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissues of patients with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 2022-01-25 [PMID: 33864713]
Georgiadou D, Boussata S, Ranzijn WHM, et al. Peptide hormone ELABELA enhances extravillous trophoblast differentiation, but placenta is not the major source of circulating ELABELA in pregnancy Sci Rep 2019-12-13 [PMID: 31836787] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Philipp Velicky, Gudrun Meinhardt, Kerstin Plessl, Sigrid Vondra, Tamara Weiss, Peter Haslinger, Thomas Lendl, Karin Aumayr, Mario Mairhofer, Xiaowei Zhu, Birgit Schütz, Roberta L. Hannibal, Robert Lindau, Beatrix Weil, Jan Ernerudh, Jürgen Neesen, Gerda Egger, Mario Mikula, Clemens Röhrl, Alexander E. Urban, Julie Baker, Martin Knöfler, Jürgen Pollheimer, Stefan Mundlos Genome amplification and cellular senescence are hallmarks of human placenta development PLoS Genetics 2018-10-12 [PMID: 30312291]
Philipp Velicky, Karin Windsperger, Karin Petroczi, Sophie Pils, Birgit Reiter, Tamara Weiss, Sigrid Vondra, Robin Ristl, Sabine Dekan, Christian Fiala, David E. Cantonwine, Thomas F. McElrath, Bernd Jilma, Martin Knöfler, Thomas Boehm, Jürgen Pollheimer Pregnancy-associated diamine oxidase originates from extravillous trophoblasts and is decreased in early-onset preeclampsia Scientific Reports 2018-04-20 [PMID: 29679053]
Haider S, Meinhardt G, Saleh L et al. Notch1 controls development of the extravillous trophoblast lineage in the human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016-11-29 [PMID: 27849611] (WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, Human)	WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF	Human
Haider S, Meinhardt G, Velicky P et al. Notch signaling plays a critical role in motility and differentiation of Human first trimester cytotrophoblasts. Endocrinology. 2013-11-04 [PMID: 24189144] (WB, Human)	WB	Human

Array NB500-302

• HLA G Antibodies
• HLA G ELISA Kit
• HLA G Lysate
• HLA G Protein