I'd like to use this antibody on paraffin embedded sections. What kind of antigen retrieval should I use?

We did not use a customized protocol for the validation of this product and our general IHC-P protocol may be found here. The antigen retrieval method which is routinely employed in our lab is Citrate buffer based Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER) which as follows: Dissolve 1.92 g of Citric acid (anhydrous) in 1000 ml of distilled water. Adjust pH to 6.0 w/ 1N NaOH and add 0.5 ml of Tween 20, mix well. Pre-heat steamer or water bath with staining dish containing Sodium Citrate Buffer or Citrate Buffer until temperature reaches 95-100 degrees Celcius. Immerse slides in the staining dish. Place the lid loosely on the staining dish and incubate for 20-40 minutes. Remove the staining dish to room temperature and allow the slides to cool for 20 minutes before proceeding with normal staining procedure. NB600-531 is one of our best sellers with nice customer feedback and citations in at least 13 peer reviewed publications in journals of high repute. In fact in many publications the authors have used this product for IHC application and you may follow the same to see what would work best for your samples and to compare your outcome. Please keep us posted with your results from the assay and kindly do not hesitate to contact us again if additional feedback is required or if you have other queries on any of our products.

I do not see horse listed as a predicted or confirmed species. Would you be able to confirm if any of your alpha-SMA antibodies will react with equine samples?

We have not directly tested equine samples nor do we have cited publications that have tested equine samples. Since alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin is a highly conserved sequence, these antibodies should react with most mammal species.

alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (NB600-531): Novus Biologicals

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At	=	A. thaliana	SyHa	=	Golden Syrian Hamster
All	=	All Species	Ha	=	Hamster
An	=	Animal	Hu	=	Human
ArHa	=	Armenian Hamster	I	=	Insect
Av	=	Avian	Ll	=	Llama
Bb	=	Baboon	Ma	=	Mammal
Ba	=	Bacteria	Mk	=	Monkey
Bv	=	Bovine	Mu	=	Mouse
Ca	=	Canine	Multi	=	Multi-species
Ce	=	C. Elegans	NA	=	Non-species specific
Ch	=	Chicken	Or	=	Orangutan
ChHa	=	Chinese Hamster	Pl	=	Plant
Cm	=	Cynomolgus Monkey	Pm	=	Primate
Do	=	Donkey	Po	=	Porcine
Dr	=	Drosophilia	Rb	=	Rabbit
Ec	=	E. Coli	Rt	=	Rat
Eq	=	Equine	RM	=	Rhesus Macaque
Fe	=	Feline	Sh	=	Sheep
Ft	=	Ferret	Vb	=	Vertebrate
Fi	=	Fish	Vi	=	Virus
Fu	=	Fungi	Xp	=	Xenopus
Ge	=	Gerbil	Ye	=	Yeast
GP	=	Guinea Pig	Ze	=	Zebrafish
Gt	=	Goat

Immunogen	Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody is made to a synthetic peptide corresponding to N-terminus of human alpha smooth muscle isoform of actin.
Localization	Cytoplasmic
Marker	Mesenchymal Cell Marker
Specificity	This alpha-sma antibody stains smooth muscle cells in vessel walls, gut wall, and myometrium. Myoepithelial cells in breast and salivary gland are also stained. It reacts with tumors arising from smooth muscles and myoepithelial cells.
Isotype	IgG
Clonality	Polyclonal
Host	Rabbit
Gene	ACTA2
Purity	Immunogen affinity purified
Innovator's Reward	Test in a species/application not listed above to receive a full credit towards a future purchase. Learn about the Innovator's Reward

Storage	Store at 4C. Do not freeze.
Buffer	PBS (pH 7.6) and 1.0% BSA
Preservative	0.1% Sodium Azide
Concentration	1.0 mg/ml
Purity	Immunogen affinity purified

Publications using NB600-531	Applications	Species
Chang YT, Peng HY, Hu CM et al. Pancreatic cancer-derived small extracellular vesical ezrin activates fibroblasts to exacerbate cancer metastasis through STAT3 and YAP-1 signaling pathways Molecular oncology 2023-05-12 [PMID: 37171030] (IHC, Mouse)	IHC	Mouse
Takahashi J, Mizutani T, Sugihara H et al. Suspension culture in a rotating bioreactor for efficient generation of human intestinal organoids Cell reports methods 2022-11-21 [PMID: 36452871] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Chen YI, Chang CC, Hsu MF et al. Homophilic ATP1A1 binding induces activin A secretion to promote EMT of tumor cells and myofibroblast activation Nature communications 2022-05-26 [PMID: 35618735] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Song MH, Choi SC, Noh JM et al. LEFTY-PITX2 signaling pathway is critical for generation of mature and ventricular cardiac organoids in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac mesoderm cells Biomaterials 2021-09-21 [PMID: 34571434] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Brosseau JP, Sathe AA, Wang Y, et al. Human cutaneous neurofibroma matrisome revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing Acta neuropathologica communications 2021-01-07 [PMID: 33413690]
Jayachandran I, Sundararajan S, Venkatesan S et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) accelerates renal cell fibrosis under high glucose condition through NOX4/ROS/ERK signaling pathway Sci Rep 2020-09-29 [PMID: 32994511] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Kayalar O, Oztay F, Ongen HG Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s Cell Commun. Signal 2020-06-18 [PMID: 32552754] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Yang SS, Ma S, Dou H et al. Breast cancer-derived exosomes regulate cell invasion and metastasis in breast cancer via miR-146a to activate cancer associated fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment Exp. Cell Res. 2020-04-05 [PMID: 32268136]
Zhou Z, Zhou Q, Wu X, et al. VCAM-1 Secreted from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhances the Growth and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells through AKT and MAPK Signaling Cancer Letters 2020-01-01 [PMID: 31904479] (WB)	WB
Davaadelger B, Choi MR, Singhal H et al. BRCA1 mutation influences progesterone response in human benign mammary organoids Breast Cancer Res. 2019-11-26 [PMID: 31771627] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Mazur C, Powers B, Zasadny K et al. Brain pharmacology of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides revealed through multimodal imaging JCI Insight 2019-10-17 [PMID: 31619586] (IHC-Fr, Rat)	IHC-Fr	Rat
Wiwatpanit T, Murphy AR, Lu Z et al. Scaffold-free endometrial organoids respond to excess androgens associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2019-10-16 [PMID: 31614364]
Inada, E;Saitoh, I;Kubota, N;Iwase, Y;Murakami, T;Sawami, T;Yamasaki, Y;Sato, M; Increased Expression of Cell Surface SSEA-1 is Closely Associated with Naive-Like Conversion from Human Deciduous Teeth Dental Pulp Cells-Derived iPS Cells Int J Mol Sci 2019-04-03 [PMID: 30987116] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Alzubi MA, Turner TH, Olex AL et al. Separation of breast cancer and organ microenvironment transcriptomes in metastases Breast Cancer Res. 2019-03-06 [PMID: 30841919] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Kaya S Protective effects of hesperetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a rat model Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2020-04-20 [PMID: 30807747] (IF/IHC, IHC-P, Rat)	IF/IHC, IHC-P	Rat
Luo J, Qian A, Oetjen Lk et al. TRPV4 Channel Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Gastrointestinal Motility via Direct Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells. Immunity. 2018-07-17 [PMID: 29958798] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Bricambert J, Alves-Guerra MC, Esteves P et al. The histone demethylase Phf2 acts as a molecular checkpoint to prevent NAFLD progression during obesity Nat Commun 2018-05-29 [PMID: 29844386] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Felice F, Piras AM, Rocchiccioli S et al. Endothelial progenitor cell secretome delivered by novel polymeric nanoparticles in ischemic hindlimb. Int J Pharm. 2018-03-08 [PMID: 29526620] (IF/IHC, Rat)	IF/IHC	Rat
Vidimar V, Chakravarti D, Bulun SE et al. The AKT/BCL-2 axis mediates survival of uterine leiomyoma in a novel 3D spheroid model Endocrinology 2018-01-26 [PMID: 29381777] (Human)		Human
Toyama T, Looney AP, Baker BM et al. Therapeutic Targeting of TAZ and YAP by Dimethyl Fumarate in Systemic Sclerosis Fibrosis J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017-09-01 [PMID: 28870693] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Makino K, Makino T, Stawski L et al. Anti-connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) monoclonal antibody attenuates skin fibrosis in mice models of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2017-06-13 [PMID: 28610597] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Makino K, Makino T, Stawski L et al. Blockade of PDGF Receptors by Crenolanib Has Therapeutic Effect in Patient Fibroblasts and in Preclinical Models of Systemic Sclerosis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017-08-01 [PMID: 28433542] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Chen WS, Cao Z, Leffler H et al. Galectin-3 Inhibition by a Small-Molecule Inhibitor Reduces Both Pathological Corneal Neovascularization and Fibrosis Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci 2017-01-01 [PMID: 28055102] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Ben Shoham A, Rot C, Stern T et al. Deposition of collagen type I onto skeletal endothelium reveals a new role for blood vessels in regulating bone morphology Development 2016-09-12 [PMID: 27621060] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Conte E, Fagone E, Gili E et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of thymosin beta4 N-terminal fragment Ac-SDKP in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. Oncotarget. 2016-06-07 [PMID: 27029074] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Kadam PD, Chuan HH. Erratum to: Rectocutaneous fistula with transmigration of the suture: a rare delayed complication of vault fixation with the sacrospinous ligament. Int Urogynecol J. 2016-03-01 [PMID: 26811110] Details: This citation used the HRP version of this antibody.
Robbins AK, Mateson AB, Khandha A et al. Fetal Rat Gubernaculum Mesenchymal Cells Adopt Myogenic and Myofibroblast-Like Phenotypes. J Urol 2016-07-01 [PMID: 26748163]
Marchi S, Corricelli M, Trapani E et al. Defective autophagy is a key feature of cerebral cavernous malformations. EMBO Mol Med 2015-11-01 [PMID: 26417067] (ICC/IF)	ICC/IF
Ge X, Pettan-Brewer C, Morton J et al. Mitochondrial catalase suppresses naturally occurring lung cancer in old mice. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis 2015-09-24 [PMID: 26400209] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Inada E, Saitoh I, Watanabe S et al. PiggyBac transposon-mediated gene delivery efficiently generates stable transfectants derived from cultured primary human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) and HDDPC-derived iPS cells. Int J Oral Sci 2015-09-14 [PMID: 26208039] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Kwon JJ, Nabinger SC, Vega Z et al. Pathophysiological role of microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stroma. Sci Rep 2015-01-01 [PMID: 26095125] (ICC/IF)	ICC/IF
Tate CM, Mc Entire J, Pallini R et al. A BMP7 Variant Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo through Direct Modulation of Endothelial Cell Biology. PLoS ONE. 2015-04-29 [PMID: 25919028] (IHC-FrFl, Human)	IHC-FrFl	Human
Coyle D, O’Donnell AM, Puri P. Altered Distribution of Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Sk3 In Hirschsprung’s Disease. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2015-01-01 [PMID: 25783396] (IHC-Fr, Human)	IHC-Fr	Human
Ramani K, Donoyan S, Tomasi Ml, Park S. Role of Methionine Adenosyltransferase Alpha2 and B Phosphorylation and Stabilization in Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Trans-Differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 2014-10-07 [PMID: 25294683] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)	WB, ICC/IF	Human
Akiho Hirotada, Tokita Yohei, Nakamura Kazuhiko et al. Involvement of interleukin-17A-induced hypercontractility of intestinal smooth muscle cells in persistent gut motor dysfunction. PLoS One 2014-01-01 [PMID: 24796324] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Court H, Amoyel M, Hackman M et al. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase deficiency exacerbates KRAS-driven pancreatic neoplasia via Notch suppression. J Clin Invest. 2013-10-08 [PMID: 24216479] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Moriondo A, Solari E, Marcozzi C, Negrini D. Spontaneous activity in peripheral diaphragmatic lymphatic loops. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013-10-01 [PMID: 23893166] (IF/IHC, ICC/IF, Rat)	IF/IHC, ICC/IF	Rat
Takamura H, Nakanuma S, Hayashi H et al. Evaluation of eligibility criteria in living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma by alpha-SMA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncol Rep 2013-10-01 [PMID: 23863893] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Danielson LS, Park DS, Rotllan N et al. Cardiovascular dysregulation of miR-17-92 causes a lethal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis FASEB J 2012-12-27 [PMID: 23271053] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Takamiya Y, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI et al. Experimental diabetic nephropathy is accelerated in matrix metalloproteinase-2 knockout mice Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012-09-30 [PMID: 23028104] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Stawski LS, Han R, Bujor AM, Trojanowska M. Angiotensin II induces skin fibrosis: a novel mouse model of dermal fibrosis Arthritis Res Ther 2012-08-22 [PMID: 22913887] (ICC/IF, IF/IHC, Mouse)	ICC/IF, IF/IHC	Mouse
Ying H, Kimmelman AC, Lyssiotis CA et al. Oncogenic Kras maintains pancreatic tumors through regulation of anabolic glucose metabolism. Cell. 2012-04-27 [PMID: 22541435] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Magara J, Nozawa-Inoue K, Suzuki A, Kawano Y, Ono K, Nomura S, Maeda T. Alterations in intermediate filaments expression in disc cells from the rat temporomandibular joint following exposure to continuous compressive force. J Anat;220(6):612-21. 2012-06-01 [PMID: 22458657] (IF/IHC, Rat)	IF/IHC	Rat
Hyde BB, Liesa M, Elorza AA, Qiu W, Haigh SE, Richey L, Mikkola HK, Schlaeger TM, Shirihai OS. The mitochondrial transporter ABC-me (ABCB10), a downstream target of GATA-1, is essential for erythropoiesis in vivo. Cell Death Differ. 2012-01-13 [PMID: 22240895] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Saatchi S, Azuma J, Wanchoo N, Smith SJ, Yock PG, Taylor CA, Tsao PS. Three-dimensional microstructural changes in murine abdominal aortic aneurysms quantified using immunofluorescent array tomography. J Histochem Cytochem;60(2):97-109. 2012-02-01 [PMID: 22140132]
Ying H, Elpek KG, Vinjamoori A et al. PTEN Is a Major Tumor Suppressor in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Regulates an NFB-Cytokine Network Cancer Discov 2011-07-01 [PMID: 21984975] (IF/IHC)	IF/IHC
Webb CM, Cameron EM, Sundberg JP. Fluorescence-Labeled Reporter Gene in Transgenic Mice Provides a Useful Tool for Investigating Cutaneous Innervation. Vet Pathol. 2011-07-21 [PMID: 21778516] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Koch S, Nava P, Addis C, Kim W, Denning TL, Li L, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. The Wnt antagonist Dkk1 regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis and wound repair. Gastroenterology;141(1):259-68, 268.e1-8. 2011-07-01 [PMID: 21440550] (IF/IHC, ICC/IF, Mouse)	IF/IHC, ICC/IF	Mouse
Goergen CJ, Azuma J, Barr KN et al. Influences of aortic motion and curvature on vessel expansion in murine experimental aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011-02-01 [PMID: 21071686] (Mouse)		Mouse
Jiang Z, Deng T, Jones R et al. Rb deletion in mouse mammary progenitors induces luminal-B or basal-like/EMT tumor subtypes depending on p53 status. J Clin Invest. 2010-09-01 [PMID: 20679727] (ICC/IF, IHC-P, Mouse)	ICC/IF, IHC-P	Mouse
Liu, JC et al. CELL, TUMOR, STEM CELL BIOLOGY: Identification of Tumorsphere- Tumor-Intiating Cells in HER2/Neu-Induced Mammary Tumors. Cancer Res 67:8671-8681. 2007-09-01 [PMID: 17875707]
Saatchi S, Wanchoo N, Azuma J et al. The use of immunofluorescent array tomography to study the three-dimensional microstructure of murine blook vessels. Cellular and Molecular. 2011-01-01
Chen EY, Hostikka SL, Oliaei S et al. Similar histologic features and immunohistochemical staining in microcystic and macrocystic lymphatic malformations. Lymphat Res Biol 2009-01-01 [PMID: 19534631] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Jeyasuria P, Wetzel J, Bradley M et al. Progesterone-Regulated Caspase 3 Action in the Mouse May Play a Role in Uterine Quiescence During Pregnancy Through Fragmentation of Uterine Myocyte Contractile Proteins. Biol Reprod 2009:biolreprod.108.70425. [PMID: 19144964]
Show All 54 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Gene Symbol	ACTA2
Entrez	59(Human) 25365(Rat)
Uniprot	P62736(Human)

alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody

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