Reactivity | MuSpecies Glossary |
Applications | Binding Activity |
Details of Functionality | Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized rhC1q at 5 µg/mL (100 µL/well) can bind rmPentraxin 3 with a linear range of 0.25-15 µg/mL. |
Source | Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse Pentraxin 3/TSG-14 protein Glu18-Ser381, with a C-terminal 6-His tag |
Accession # | |
N-terminal Sequence | Glu18 |
Structure / Form | Multimer consisting of as many as ten non-covalently and covalently linked subunits |
Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Proteins |
Gene | Ptx3 |
Purity | >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
Endotoxin Note | <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Dilutions |
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Theoretical MW | 41 kDa (monomer). Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
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SDS-PAGE | 46 kDa, reducing conditions |
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Publications |
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Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MOPS, NaCl and CaCl2 with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Purity | >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
Pentraxin 3, also known as TSG-14, was initially identified as a TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta inducible gene (1 - 3). It belongs to the pentraxin family, which was named originally for the homo-pentameric structure formed by its members (4). The pentraxin family is divided into two subfamilies: the “short” and the “long” pentraxins with approximate molecular weights of 25 kDa and 50 kDa, respectively. TSG-14 is a member of the long pentraxin subfamily, which also includes the Xenopus laevis XL-PXN1, the guinea pig apexin/p50, the rat neuronal pentraxin I (NPI) and NPR, the human neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) and the human neuronal activity-related pentraxin (5).
Mature secreted PTX3 contains a pentaxin-like domain at its carboxy-terminus that shares 23 - 28% amino acid (aa) sequence similarity to C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), which belong to the short pentraxin subfamily. However, the N-terminal sequence of TSG-14 does not share aa sequence homology with any of the “short” pentaxins (3). Unlike CRP and SAP, which forms pentamers only, TSG-14 forms both pentameric and higher ordered oligomers (5). Similar to CRP and SAP, TSG-14 binds to the complement cascade component C1q (6). However, TSG-14 does not bind to phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, or high pyruvate agarose, which are known ligands for CRP and SAP. While CRP and SAP are primarily produced in the liver, TSG-14 expression is strongly upregulated by TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta , and bacterial LPS in peripheral fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages (7). At the amino acid level, human and mouse TSG-14 share 88% aa sequence homology (8). TSG-14 concentration is elevated in the joint fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicating that TSG-14 may be a potential mediator of immune response (9). TSG-14 may also function in the regulation of the uptake and clearance of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells (10). An in vivo study showed that TSG-14 transgenic mice are more resistant to sepsis and endotoxemia compared to wild-type during inflammatory injury (11). Increased expression of TSG-14 may enhance the immune response to protect the host from infection.
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