Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibody (2D3) - BSA Free

Carbonic anhydrase alpha, isozyme IX, belongs to a family of zinc-containing metalloproteins which hydrate carbon dioxide to generate bicarbonate ions and protons (1). This main catalytic function allows carbonic anhydrase IX to participate in cellular pH regulation. The large family of carbonic anhydrase metalloproteins includes three major classes which have been identified based on sequence and structure analysis. The alpha class is a monomer found in mammals. The beta class may occur as a dimer, tetramer, hexamer or octamer and is found in plants, algae, and bacteria. Lastly, the gamma class is a trimer found in bacteria and represents the most ancient carbonic anhydrase. These three classes of carbonic anhydrase enzymes lack sequence or structural similarities, but all share a conserved active site zinc atom (1).

Carbonic anhydrase IX (theoretical molecular weight 50kDa) belongs to the monomeric alpha class and is a single pass-transmembrane protein with two extracellular domains which serve catalytic and cell adhesion functions (2, 3). By cooperating with sodium bicarbonate cotransporters (NBC), lactate and proton exporting monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCT), and a sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE), carbonic anhydrase IX is involved in pH regulation across the cell membrane. This functional property protects cancer cells from intracellular acidification and partly explains the role of carbonic anhydrase IX in cancer cell survival and proliferation. In contrast, the pH regulating activity of carbonic anhydrase IX induces extracellular acidification, which has been implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoting cancer invasion. Carbonic anhydrase IX is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells (e.g., colorectal-, breast-, lung-carcinoma and brain tumors), an effect promoted by hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (4). An exception are tumors carrying pVHL inactivating mutations, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where HIF-alpha is stabilized due to dysfunctional proteasomal targeting and can induce HRE (Hypoxia Response Element) containing genes even under physiological normoxia (5). Carbonic anhydrase IX may be detected by immunostaining in tumors, which is found in association with necrotic tissue and metastatic cells. Because the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX correlates with both tumor grade and stage, analysis of its expression in tumors serves as a prognostic factor (4, 6).

References

1. Tripp, B. C., Smith, K., & Ferry, J. G. (2001). Carbonic Anhydrase: New Insights for an Ancient Enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R100045200

2. Nishimori, I., & Onishi, S. (2001). Carbonic anhydrase isozymes in the human pancreas. Digestive and Liver Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(01)80138-9

3. Zavadova, Z., & Zavada, J. (2005). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) mediates tumor cell interactions with microenvironment. Oncology Reports. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.13.5.977

4. Pastorekova, S., & Gillies, R. J. (2019). The role of carbonic anhydrase IX in cancer development: links to hypoxia, acidosis, and beyond. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09799-0

5. Haase, V. (2009). The VHL Tumor Suppressor: Master Regulator of HIF. Current Pharmaceutical Design. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161209789649394

6. Young, J. R., Coy, H., Kim, H. J., Douek, M., Sisk, A., Pantuck, A. J., & Raman, S. S. (2018). Association of the gross appearance of intratumoral vascularity at MDCT with the carbonic anhydrase IX score in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. American Journal of Roentgenology. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.19725

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Mouse.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-Fr, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 12. Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP1-51691	Applications	Species
Aida R, Andrew Z, Leah KB, et al. Myeloid Cell-Derived Creatine in the Hypoxic Niche Promotes Glioblastoma Growth SSRN Electronic Journal 2022-11-06
Pascetta SA, Kirsh SM, Cameron M, Uniacke J Pharmacological inhibition of neuropeptide Y receptors Y1 and Y5 reduces hypoxic breast cancer migration, proliferation, and signaling BMC cancer 2023-06-01 [PMID: 37264315] (IHC-Fr, Human)	IHC-Fr	Human
Hu CJ, Laux A, Gandjeva A et al. The Effect of HIF Inhibition on the Phenotype of Fibroblasts in Human and Bovine Pulmonary Hypertension American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 2023-03-21 [PMID: 36944195]
Hamdan F, YlOsmAki E, Chiaro J et al. Novel oncolytic adenovirus expressing enhanced cross-hybrid IgGA Fc PD-L1 inhibitor activates multiple immune effector populations leading to enhanced tumor killing in vitro, in vivo and with patient-derived tumor organoids J Immunother Cancer 2021-11-01 [PMID: 34362830] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 750 format of this antibody.	ICC/IF	Human
Garbati P, Barbieri R, Calderoni M et al. Efficacy of a Three Drug-Based Therapy for Neuroblastoma in Mice International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021-06-23 [PMID: 34201814]
Garbati P, Barbieri R, Cangelosi D et al. MCM2 and Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Are Novel Potential Targets for Neuroblastoma Pharmacological Treatment Biomedicines 2020-11-03 [PMID: 33153038] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Li Z, Jiang L, Chew SH et al. Carbonic anhydrase 9 confers resistance to ferroptosis/apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma under hypoxia Redox Biol 2019-08-10 [PMID: 31442913] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Kelly NJ, Varga JFA, Specker EJ, Romeo CM. Hypoxia activates cadherin-22 synthesis via eIF4E2 to drive cancer cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Oncogene. 2018-02-01 [PMID: 28991229] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Federici C, Lugini L, Marino ML et al. Lansoprazole and carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors sinergize against human melanoma cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2016-05-03 [PMID: 27142956] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Cai C, Alshehri A, Choksi R, Pestronk A. Regional ischemic immune myopathy: a paraneoplastic dermatomyopathy. J. neuropathol. Exp. neurol. 2014-12-01 [PMID: 25383636] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Persano L, Pistollato F, Rampazzo E et al. BMP2 sensitizes glioblastoma stem-like cells to Temozolomide by affecting HIF-1 alpha stability and MGMT expression Cell Death Dis 2012-10-18 [PMID: 23076220] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Aida R, Andrew Z, Leah KB, et al. Myeloid Cell-Derived Creatine in the Hypoxic Niche Promotes Glioblastoma Growth SSRN Electronic Journal 2022-11-06
Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
	5 reviewed by: Verified Customer	WB	Human	07/05/2021	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested HEK293 Species Human Lot C-4
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Verified Customer	WB	Human	11/20/2015	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested MCF-7 whole cell lysate Species Human Lot A2

Array NBP1-51691

• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Antibodies
• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 ELISA Kits
• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Lysate
• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Proteins
• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 ELISAs
• Carbonic Anhydrase IX/CA9 Proteins and Enzymes