Measured by its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of benzylamine. The specific activity is >10 pmol/min/μg, as measured under the described conditions.
Source
Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived mouse VAP-1/AOC3 protein
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Note
<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Applications/Dilutions
Dilutions
Enzyme Activity
Theoretical MW
85 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
SDS-PAGE
80-90 kDa, reducing conditions
Publications
Read Publication using 6107-AO in the following applications:
Substrate Component 1: Benzylamine (Sigma, Catalog # B5136), 100 mM stock in deionized water
Substrate Component 2: Amplex Ultra Red (AUR) (Molecular Probes, Catalog # A36006), 10 mM stock in DMSO
F16 Black Maxisorp Plate (Nunc, Catalog # 475515)
Fluorescent Plate Reader (Model: SpectraMax Gemini EM by Molecular Devices) or equivalent
Dilute rmVAP-1 to 8 ng/µL in Assay Buffer.
Prepare the Substrate mixture 2 mM Benzylamine, 2 units/mL HRP and 100 µM AUR in Assay Buffer.
In a plate, load 50 µL of 8 ng/µL rmVAP-1 and start the reaction by adding 50 µL of the Substrate mixture (step 2). Include a Substrate Blank containing 50 µL of the Assay Buffer and 50 µL of the Substrate mixture.
Read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 544 nm and 590 nm (top read), respectively in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. Note: A manual cutoff must be set at a wavelength of 570 nm.
Calculate specific activity:
Specific Activity (pmol/min/µg) =
Adjusted Vmax* (RFU/min) x Conversion Factor** (pmol/RFU)
amount of enzyme (µg)
*Adjusted for Substrate Blank **Derived using a fluorescent standard prepared by incubating 50 µM AUR, 1 unit/mL HRP, 1 mM Benzylamine, and a curve of Hydrogen Peroxide (Sigma, Catalog # H1009) in Assay Buffer. Use this oxidized AUR curve to determine the conversion factor.
Per Well:
rmVAP-1: 0.4 µg
Benzylamine: 1 mM
HRP: 1 unit/mL
AUR: 50 µM
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse VAP-1 Protein, CF
amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (vascular adhesion protein 1)
AOC3
Copper amine oxidase
EC 1.4.3
HPAO
HPAOSSAO
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase
SSAO
VAP1
VAP-1
VAP1EC 1.4.3.21
VAP-1membrane primary amine oxidase
Vascular adhesion protein 1
Background
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a copper amine oxidase with a topaquinone co-factor. VAP-1 is a type II integral membrane protein, but a soluble form of the enzyme is present in human serum, and its level increases in diabetes and some inflammatory liver diseases (1, 2). VAP-1 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of small primary amines such as methylamine, benzylamine, and aminoacetone in a reaction that produces an aldehyde, ammonia, and H2O2 (3). The enzyme is sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide. VAP-1 expression is highest in the endothelium of lung, heart, and intestine, but low in tissues such as brain, spleen, kidney, and liver (4). VAP-1 vascular expression is regulated at sites of inflammation through its release from intracellular granules in which the protein is stored (5). The adhesive function of VAP-1 has been demonstrated in studies showing that the protein is important for the adherence of certain lymphocyte subtypes to inflamed endothelial tissues (6). VAP-1 mediated adhesion is involved in the process of leukocyte extravasation, an important feature of inflammatory responses. The role of VAP-1 amine oxidase activity in this process is not fully defined, but it appears to be carbohydrate-dependent (7). VAP-1 is considered to be a therapeutic target for diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory diseases (8). The N‑terminal transmembrane domain of recombinant mouse VAP-1 was deleted and replaced with a signal sequence, resulting in the secretion of the soluble form of the protein.
Kurkijärvi, R. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:1549.
Gearing, A.J.H. and W. Newman (1993) Immunol. Today 14:506.
Lizcano, J.M. et al. (1998) Biochem. J. 331:69.
Smith, D.J. et al. (1998) J. Exp. Med. 188:17.
Jaakkala K. et al. (2000) Am. J. Pathol. 157:463.
Salmi, M. and J. Jalkanen (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:211.
Salmi, M. and J. Jalkanen (1996) J. Exp. Med. 183:569.
Dunkel, P. et al. (2008) Curr. Med. Chem. 15:1827.
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