Recombinant Human PD-L2/B7-DC His Alexa Fluor® 647 Protein Summary
Details of Functionality |
Measured
by flow cytometry for its ability to bind anti-human PD-L2 Antibody conjugated beads. The concentration of Recombinant Human PD‑L2/B7‑DC His-tag Alexa Fluor® 647 (Catalog # AFR9075) that produces 50% of the binding
response is 0.600-6.00 ng/mL. |
Source |
Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human PD-L2/B7-DC protein Leu20-Pro219, with a C-terminal 6-His tag |
Accession # |
|
N-terminal Sequence |
Leu20 |
Structure / Form |
Labeled with Alexa
Fluor® 647 Excitation
Wavelength: 650 nm Emission
Wavelength: 668 nm |
Protein/Peptide Type |
Recombinant Proteins |
Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
Endotoxin Note |
<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Applications/Dilutions
Dilutions |
|
Theoretical MW |
23 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
SDS-PAGE |
29-47 kDa, under reducing conditions. |
Packaging, Storage & Formulations
Storage |
Protect from light. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. - 6 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
- 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
|
Buffer |
Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
Notes
This product is
provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D
Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is
subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned
by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this
product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased
amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted
by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale
of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or
its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or
data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic,
diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer
this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial
purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the
buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or
sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this
product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor
any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For
information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than
research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit,
Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541)
465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.
This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Human PD-L2/B7-DC His Alexa Fluor® 647 Protein
Background
Programmed Death Ligand 2 (PD-L2), also known as B7-DC and butyrophilin-like protein, is a member of the B7 family of proteins that provide signals for regulating T-cell activation and tolerance (1). Mature human PD-L2 consists of a 201 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with one V-like and one C-like Ig domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 32 aa cytoplasmic domain (2, 3). Within the ECD, mouse and human PD-L2 share 72% aa sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms that lack the second Ig-like domain and may be substituted and truncated following the first Ig-like domain (4). PD-L2 is expressed on dendritic cells, subsets of activated CD4
+ and CD8
+ T cells, and memory B cells that differentiate into plasma cells (3, 5, 6). At inflammatory sites such as rheumatoid arthritis, allergen exposure, and virus infection, PD-L2 is up-regulated on synoviocytes, infiltrating macrophages, dendritic cells, and airway epithelial cells (7-11). PD-L2, along with B7-H1/PD-L1, binds to T cell PD-1 where it promotes IFN-gamma production and CD40 Ligand up-regulation while inhibiting IL-4 production (2, 3, 12, 13). In addition, PD-L2 binds to RGM-B on macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells, supporting respiratory immune tolerance (14). In asthma, PD-L2 suppresses IL-5 and IL-13 production, promotes IL-12 production by dendritic cells, and supports allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus production (9, 11).
- Ceeraz, S. et al. (2013) Trends Immunol. 34:556.
- Latchman, Y. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:261.
- Tseng, S.-Y. et al. (2001) J. Exp. Med. 193:839.
- He, X.-H. et al. (2004) Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sinica 36:284.
- Messal, N. et al. (2011) Mol. Immunol. 48:2214.
- Zuccarino-Catania, G.V. et al. (2014) Nat. Immunol. 15:631.
- Guo, G. et al. (2012) Clin. Rheumatol. 31:271.
- Loke, P. and J.P. Allison (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:5336.
- Matsumoto, K. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:2530.
- Stanciu, L.A. et al. (2006) J. Infec. Dis. 193:404.
- Lewkowich, I.P. et al. (2013) Mucosal Immun. 6:728.
- Ghiotto, M. et al. (2010) Int. Immunol. 22:651.
- Shin, T. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:31.
- Xiao, Y. et al. (2014) J. Exp. Med. 211:943.
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