Reactivity | HuSpecies Glossary |
Applications | Bioactivity |
Details of Functionality | Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED50 for this effect is 10.0-250 ng/mL. |
Source | Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human Dkk-1 protein Thr32-His266 |
Accession # | |
N-terminal Sequence | Thr32 |
Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Proteins |
Gene | DKK1 |
Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining. |
Endotoxin Note | <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Dilutions |
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Theoretical MW | 25.8 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
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SDS-PAGE | 33-38 kDa, reducing conditions |
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Publications |
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Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining. |
Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues (1‑3). Mature human Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 86%, 87%, 90% and 91% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, rabbit and bovine Dkk-1, respectively. It also shares 42% and 36% aa identity with human Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (1, 2). This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 (4). Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 (4, 5). Dkk‑1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling (4, 5). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development (6, 7). Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye (8, 9). The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis (10). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively (8, 11). In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (12).
The role of Wnts in neuroinflammation By Michalina Hanzel, PhDThe multifaceted roles of the Wnt family of glycoproteins have been extensively characterized throughout embryonic development and adult homeostasis. The highly conserved, cell- and tissue- s... Read full blog post. |
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