Recombinant Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 Protein, CF Summary
Details of Functionality |
Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED50 for this effect is 12.5-100 ng/mL. |
Source |
Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived Dkk-1 protein Thr32-His266 |
Accession # |
|
N-terminal Sequence |
Thr32 |
Protein/Peptide Type |
Recombinant Proteins |
Purity |
>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
Endotoxin Note |
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Applications/Dilutions
Dilutions |
|
Theoretical MW |
26 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
SDS-PAGE |
35-39 kDa, under reducing conditions. |
Packaging, Storage & Formulations
Storage |
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
|
Buffer |
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Purity |
>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
Reconstitution Instructions |
Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 Protein, CF
Background
Dickkopf
related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of
proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2).
Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich
domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine
residues (1‑3). Mature Cynomolgus/rhesus Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein
that shares 99% amino acid sequence identity with human Dkk-1. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well
documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (1, 2). This
pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the
Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related
proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 (4). The C-terminal cysteine-rich domain 2 (CRD2) of
Dkk-1 has been shown to interact with LRP5 or LRP6 (5). Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary
complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 (4, 6). Dkk‑1/LRP6/Krm2
complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling
(4, 6). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a
during limb development (7, 8). Other sites of expression include developing
neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye (9, 10). The balance
between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and
homeostasis (11). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in
increased or decreased bone density, respectively (9, 12). In adults, Dkk-1 is
expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces
Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (13).
- Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
- Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469.
- Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
- Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
- Kimura, H. et al. (2016) J Clin Invest. 126:7.
- Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
- Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
- Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134.
- Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 36:754.
- Verani, R. et al. (2006) J. Neurochem. 101:242.
- Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517.
- Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
- Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647.
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