Angiogenesis is the process of the formation of new blood vessels from those that already exist. Angiogenesis is an important function in the oxygenation of tissues, and can help in various functions including wound healing and the treatment of vascular diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. An abnormal rate of angiogenesis, however, can cause many problems including the proliferation of cancerous tumors, diabetic ulcers, and cardiovascular diseases. Many scientists have studied factors of angiogenesis such as macrophages, and treatments have been created that work in the negative regulation of angiogenesis, including sphingosine-1 phosphate and TCF8. Consequently, researchers are also looking to inhibit proteins that facilitate angiogenesis, such as VEGF. There also exist factors that work on the positive regulation of angiogenesis, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor, that allows for blood vessels to grow and further distribute oxygen throughout a body suffering from hypoxia.
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