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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Disease Bioinformatics

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints which eventually leads to their destruction. In rheumatoid arthritis affected joints, lymphocytes are activated causing cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), to be expressed in the inflamed areas. T cells from Rheumatoid arthritis patients recognize cartilage protein and a protein encoded by the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, thus suggesting that mycobacterial infection may trigger Rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of Rheumatoid arthritis has a negative correlation with thymus function. Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis inevitably experience pain alongside the swelling and tenderness associated with rheumatoid joint inflammation. IL-1 and TNF strongly induce the production of PGE2, leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor, which are involved in the pain mechanism. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine produced by macrophages that causes the inflammation associated with Rheumatoid arthritis. Medications currently available to combat Rheumatoid arthritis function by binding TNF and preventing it from functioning.

Top Research Reagents

We have 7640 products for the study of Rheumatoid Arthritis that can be applied to Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

C-Reactive Protein/CRP [HRP]
DCRP00B
N/A C-Reactive Protein/CRP [HRP]N/A C-Reactive Protein/CRP [HRP]


Species Human
Applications ELISA

150 Publications
NOD2 Antibody (2D9) - BSA Free
NB100-524
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. E. U373 glioma cells were infected with HCMV Towne strain and levels of NOD1, NOD2 and GAPDH mRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR at indicated time points. F. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) at MOI of 1 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined 48 and 72 hpi. G. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) strain at MOI of 0.03 or 3 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined at 48 hpi. Quantitative data represent mean values (+/-SD) of triplicate determinations from three independent experiments (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA test). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092704.g001) licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Overlay of NOD2-DyLight 488 (green) with phase contrast of murine colon. Image from verified customer review.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

     1 Review

26 Publications
IL-6 [HRP]
D6050B
N/A IL-6 [HRP]N/A IL-6 [HRP]


Species Human

776 Publications
ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33)
NB300-560
Western Blot: ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33) [NB300-560] - Analysis of recombinant ER alpha.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ER alpha/NR3A1 Antibody (33) [NB300-560] - Human breast tissue (B) and magnified section (C) compared with an isotype control (A).

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-Fr

     1 Review

11 Publications
COX-2 Antibody
NB100-689
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: COX-2 Antibody [NB100-689] - Formalin fixed paraffin embedded colon carcinoma stained with COX-2 antibody (NB100-689).Simple Western: COX-2 Antibody [NB100-689] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for COX2 in 1.0 mg/ml of Rat Brain at an antibody concentration of 1:100. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system. Image provided through customer review.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

     1 Review

36 Publications
Acrosin Antibody
NBP2-14260
Analysis in human testis and liver tissues using NBP2-14260 antibody. Corresponding ACR RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Staining of human testis show strong extracellular space and nuclear positivity in subset of cells in seminiferous ducts.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P

12 Publications
POMC Antibody
NB100-1533
Immunohistochemistry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Representative confocal images of POMC in POMC-transfected WT and Sel1L-/- N2a cells. White arrows point to POMC-containing secretory granules, while yellow arrows point to perinuclear POMC. KDEL marks the ER. Representative data from at least 2 independent experiments are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (jci.org/articles/view/96420), licensed under a CC-BY license.Flow Cytometry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Flow cytometric analysis of paraformaldehyde fixed A431 cells (blue line), permeabilized with 0.5% Triton. Primary incubation 1hr (10 ug/mL) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (1 ug/mL). IgG control: Unimmunized goat IgG (black line) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody.

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

10 Publications
CSRP1 Antibody
AF5739
Western blot shows lysates of ME-180 human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, HT-2 mouse T cell line, and Rat-2 rat embryonic fibroblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat CSRP1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5739) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB

Complement Component C3d Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF2655
Complement Component C3d was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse kidney using Goat Anti-Mouse Complement Component C3d Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2655) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href= Complement Component C3d was detected in perfusion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of rat kidney using Goat Anti-Mouse Complement Component C3d Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2655) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, IHC

58 Publications
CTLA-4 [Unconjugated]
7268-CT
Recombinant Human CTLA-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7268-CT) inhibits IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute Tcell leukemia cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.03-0.15 μg/mL whenstimulated with 1 μg/mL Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
IL-4 [Unconjugated]
6507-IL/CF
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.05-0.2 ng/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

817 Publications
IL-2 [Unconjugated]
202-IL
As an alternative, please consider our next generation Recombinant Human IL-2 (<a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

     4 Reviews

377 Publications
IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 [Unconjugated]
201-LB
Recombinant Human IL-1beta Protein (Catalog # 201-LB) has a molecular weight (MW) of 17.0 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a monomer.Recombinant Human IL-1 beta /IL-1F2 (Catalog # 201-LB) stimulates cell proliferation of the D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cell line. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is <12 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

594 Publications
IL-10 [Biotin]
DY417
N/A IL-10 [Biotin]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

302 Publications
HLA DRB1 Antibody (SPM288)
NBP2-45312
Western Blot: HLA DRB1 Antibody (SPM288) [NBP2-45312] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cells and human spleen tissue lysate using HLA DRB1 Antibody (SPM288).Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: HLA DRB1 Antibody (SPM288) [NBP2-45312] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Tonsil stained with HLA DRB1 Antibody (SPM288).

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Monkey, Mouse (Negative)
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

2 Publications
CD4 Antibody - BSA Free
NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

50 Publications
Recombinant Human HLA DRB4 GST (N-Term) Protein
H00003126-P01
12.5% SDS-PAGE Stained with Coomassie Blue.


Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, PA

1 Publication
HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free
NBP2-79843
Western Blot: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Immunofluorescence staining of PFA-fixed Ramos cells. HLA DQ/DR/DP Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HLA DQ/DR/DP/2967R) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-CF488 (green). Nuclei stained with RedDot.

Rabbit Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, Flow