Post-translational modifications (PTMs) take many forms; some PTMs involve the attachment of functional groups to amino acid residues, while other PTMs involve the cleavage of parts of proteins, or even the degradation of the entire protein itself. Protein cleavage is critical for cellular functions such as apoptosis, signaling and cell-cell interaction. Post-translational protein cleavage, also known as proteolysis, is carried out by enzymes called proteases. Each protease cleaves a protein's peptide bonds at a specific cleavage site, and proteases are classified based on the residue on which they take action.
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