Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1-3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of non‑covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4 - 6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1-4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3, also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8‑10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin  alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Bovine.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: Bioassay, ELISA (Control), IHC, Western Blot.

Showing Publications 1 - 9 of 9.

Publications using 622-VD	Applications	Species
K Nishino, Y Yoshimatsu, T Muramatsu, Y Sekimoto, K Mitani, E Kobayashi, S Okamoto, H Ebana, Y Okada, M Kurihara, K Suzuki, J Inazawa, K Takahashi, T Watabe, K Seyama Isolation and characterisation of lymphatic endothelial cells from lung tissues affected by lymphangioleiomyomatosis Scientific Reports, 2021-04-16;11(1):8406. 2021-04-16 [PMID: 33863980] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
ECTD Nascimento, BG Baldi, AW Mariani, R Annoni, RA Kairalla, SP Pimenta, LFF da Silva, CRR Carvalho, M Dolhnikoff Immunohistological features related to functional impairment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis Respir. Res., 2018-05-08;19(1):83. 2018-05-08 [PMID: 29739412] (IHC, Human)	IHC	Human
KT Campbell, DJ Hadley, DL Kukis, EA Silva Alginate hydrogels allow for bioactive and sustained release of VEGF-C and VEGF-D for lymphangiogenic therapeutic applications PLoS ONE, 2017-07-19;12(7):e0181484. 2017-07-19 [PMID: 28723974] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Vascular endothelial growth factor-D modulates oxidant-antioxidant balance of human vascular endothelial cells J. Cell. Mol. Med, 2016-12-13;0(0):. 2016-12-13 [PMID: 27957793] (Bioassay, Western Blot, Human)	Bioassay, Western Blot	Human
Biomarker analyses in REGARD gastric/GEJ carcinoma patients treated with VEGFR2-targeted antibody ramucirumab Br J Cancer, 2016-09-13;0(0):. 2016-09-13 [PMID: 27623234] (ELISA (Control), Human)	ELISA (Control)	Human
Majumder M, Tutunea-Fatan E, Xin X, Rodriguez-Torres M, Torres-Garcia J, Wiebe R, Timoshenko AV, Bhattacharjee RN, Chambers AF, Lala PK Co-expression of alpha9beta1 integrin and VEGF-D confers lymphatic metastatic ability to a human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468LN. PLoS ONE, 2012-04-24;7(4):e35094. 2012-04-24 [PMID: 22545097] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Kilic N, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Neshat-Vahid S, Irmak S, Obst-Pernberg K, Wurmbach JH, Loges S, Kilic E, Weil J, Lauke H, Tilki D, Singer BB, Ergun S Lymphatic reprogramming of microvascular endothelial cells by CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 via interaction with VEGFR-3 and Prox1. Blood, 2007-08-30;110(13):4223-33. 2007-08-30 [PMID: 17761831] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Akahane M, Akahane T, Shah A, Okajima E, Thorgeirsson UP A potential role for vascular endothelial growth factor-D as an autocrine growth factor for human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res., 2005-03-01;25(2):701-7. 2005-03-01 [PMID: 15868899] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Sun JF, Phung T, Shiojima I, Felske T, Upalakalin JN, Feng D, Kornaga T, Dor T, Dvorak AM, Walsh K, Benjamin LE Microvascular patterning is controlled by fine-tuning the Akt signal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004-12-20;102(1):128-33. 2004-12-20 [PMID: 15611473] (Bioassay, Bovine)	Bioassay	Bovine

Array 622-VD

• VEGF-D Antibodies
• VEGF-D ELISA Kits
• VEGF-D Lysate
• VEGF-D Protein
• VEGF-D ELISAs
• VEGF-D Proteins and Enzymes