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Diabetes, Autoimmune: Disease Bioinformatics

Autoimmune Diabetes is commonly known as Type 1 Diabetes. One develops type 1 diabetes when the body's immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas. These beta cells are responsible for producing insulin. In the absence of insulin, glucose will stay in the blood for long periods of time which can cause severe damage to organs. Scientists are not sure what causes autoimmune diabetes, yet genetic, environmental, and autoimmune components play a role. There is no cure for autoimmune diabetes but symptoms can be regulated through supplementing insulin and monitoring sugar levels in the blood. Anyone is at risk for type 1 diabetes but those with a family history or exposed to certain environmental influences pose greater risk of development.

Top Research Reagents

We have 7760 products for the study of Diabetes, Autoimmune that can be applied to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

FoxP3 Antibody - BSA Free
NB100-39002
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: FoxP3 Antibody [NB100-39002] - Mouse spleen stained with FoxP3 antibody. IHC-P image submitted by a verified customer review.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: FoxP3 Antibody [NB100-39002] - Number of Granzyme B+ and FoxP3+ cells infiltrating tumors. Representative images of IHC staining of FoxP3+ and Granzyme B+ cells in the peri-tumoral areas in two mice characterized by low FoxP3+ and high Granzyme B+ (panels 1 and 2) or high FoxP3+ and low Granzyme B+ (panels 3 and 4). Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Inhibition of tumor growth by cancer vaccine combined with metronomic chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 in a pre-clinical setting. Oncotarget (2018) licensed under a CC-BY license.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, IB

     2 Reviews

55 Publications
CD8 Antibody (53-6.7) - BSA Free
NBP1-49045
Flow Cytometry: CD8 Antibody (53-6.7) [NBP1-49045] - CD8 alpha Antibody (53-6.7) [NBP1-49045] - Analysis of lymph nodes by multiple staining.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CD8 Antibody (53-6.7) [NBP1-49045] - CD8 alpha Antibody (53-6.7) [NBP1-49045] - CD8 alpha expression in mouse spleen tissue using anti-CD8 alpha antibody. Image from verified customer review.

Rat Monoclonal
Species Mouse, Rat
Applications Flow, ICC/IF, IHC

     3 Reviews

26 Publications
MHC Class I Antibody (OX18) - BSA Free
NB120-6405
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: MHC Class I Antibody (OX18) [NB120-6405] - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II as well as Transporter associated with antigen presentation II (TAPII) were analyzed, using immunocytochemistry on rat Schwann cells (SCs). Corresponding merges are shown in the bottom rows. Treatment of SCs with IL-17 was performed at concentrations of 0.5 and 50 ng/mL. Graphs to the right show densitometry quantification. SCs showed expression of MHCI > TAPII > MHCII, which increased after IL-17 treatment. MHCI was mainly detected in the cytoplasm and the expression increased in a dose-dependent manner after IL-17 treatment, significant for 0.5 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL (**P <=0.01). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-2094-11-63), licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: MHC Class I Antibody (OX18) [NB120-6405] - Analysis of FFPE rat brain cerebellum using MHC Class I (OK18) antibody at 1:200 on a Bond Rx autostainer (Leica Biosystems). The assay involved 20 minutes of heat induced antigen retrieval (HIER) using 10mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and endogenous peroxidase quenching with peroxide block. The sections were incubated with primary antibody for 30 minutes and Bond Polymer Refine Detection (Leica Biosystems) with DAB was used for signal development followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin. Whole slide scanning and capturing of representative images was performed using Aperio AT2 (Leica Biosystems). Endothelial staining was observed. Staining was performed by Histowiz.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Rat
Applications EM, ELISA, Flow

33 Publications
LAD1 Antibody
NBP1-86126
Western Blot: LAD1 Antibody [NBP1-86126] - Analysis in human cell lines A-431 and HEK293 using Anti-LAD1 antibody. Corresponding LAD1 RNA-seq data are presented for the same cell lines. Loading control: Anti-PFN1.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LAD1 Antibody [NBP1-86126] - Staining of human cell line MCF7 shows localization to actin filaments. Antibody staining is shown in green.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

1 Publication
ATN1 Antibody
NBP1-90044
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ATN1 Antibody [NBP1-90044] - Analysis in human cerebral cortex and liver tissues. Corresponding ATN1 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: ATN1 Antibody [NBP1-90044] - Staining of human cell line U-251 MG shows localization to nucleoplasm. Antibody staining is shown in green.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

1 Publication
GAD1/GAD67 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF2086
Western blot shows lysates of human brain (hypothalamus) tissue, mouse brain (total) tissue, and rat brain (total) tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat GAD1/GAD67 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2086) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody <a class=GAD1/GAD67 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human spinal cord using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat GAD1/GAD67 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2086) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

13 Publications
GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF2247
GAD2/GAD65 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human dorsal root ganglia using Goat Anti-Human GAD2/GAD65 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2247) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, IHC

     1 Review

4 Publications
Insulin Antibody (182410) [Unconjugated]
MAB1417
Insulin was detected in immersion fixed beta TC-6 mouse beta cell insulinoma cell line using Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Rat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=Insulin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human pancreas using Rat Anti-Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 0.5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (<a class=

Rat Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Bovine
Applications IHC, CyTOF-ready, ICC

24 Publications
IA-2/PTPRN Antibody (815811) [Unconjugated]
MAB7906
Western blot shows lysates of human brain (hypothalamus) tissue and human brain (hippocampus) tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human IA-2/PTPRN Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB7906) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=IA-2/PTPRN was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human pancreas using Mouse Anti-Human IA-2/PTPRN Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB7906) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # <a class=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

CTLA-4 [Unconjugated]
7268-CT
Recombinant Human CTLA-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7268-CT) inhibits IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute Tcell leukemia cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.03-0.15 μg/mL whenstimulated with 1 μg/mL Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
IL-4 [Unconjugated]
6507-IL/CF
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.05-0.2 ng/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
CD25/IL-2R alpha [HRP]
DR2A00
N/A CD25/IL-2R alpha [HRP]N/A CD25/IL-2R alpha [HRP]


Species Human
Applications ELISA

36 Publications
IFN-gamma [Unconjugated]
285-IF
Recombinant Human IFN-gamma (Catalog # 285-IF) has a molecular weight (MW) of 34.9 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homodimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human IFN-gamma was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 17 kDa.


Species Human
Applications BA

     2 Reviews

445 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

803 Publications
IL-2 [Unconjugated]
202-IL
As an alternative, please consider our next generation Recombinant Human IL-2 (<a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

     4 Reviews

369 Publications
IL-10 [Biotin]
DY417
N/A IL-10 [Biotin]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

287 Publications
B7-1/CD80 Antibody (37711) [Unconjugated]
MAB140
Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line was stained with Mouse Anti-Human B7-1/CD80 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB140, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # <a class=<P align=left>Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <A class=NoLineLink href=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications Flow, IHC, CyTOF-ready

25 Publications
CD4 Antibody - BSA Free
NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

49 Publications
Glutamine Synthetase Antibody
NB110-41404
Western Blot: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Analysis of glutamine synthase. 40ug of lysates from mouse (Lanes M), rat (Lane R), pig (Lane P), bovine (Lane B), or human (Lane Hu) retina were probed. A 42 kDa band was identified in lysates from retinas of all species.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Immunofluorescence using NB110-41404. Submitted via verified customer review.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     1 Review

10 Publications
HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free
NBP2-79843
Western Blot: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Immunofluorescence staining of PFA-fixed Ramos cells. HLA DQ/DR/DP Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HLA DQ/DR/DP/2967R) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-CF488 (green). Nuclei stained with RedDot.

Rabbit Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, Flow