Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (PCK-26)

Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filamentous proteins that are expressed by epithelial cells (1,2). Cytokeratins range in size with a theoretic molecular weight varying from approximately 40 kDa to 68 kDa (2,3). The cytokeratin family consists of 20 polypeptides that are further divided into two main groups based on isoelectric point and molecular weight (1-3). The type I group are smaller, acidic polypeptides designated as cytokeratin 9 through cytokeratin 20 (CK9 - CK20) (1-4). Conversely, CK1 - CK8 belong to the type II group, classified as larger, basic or neutral polypeptides (1-4). Structurally, cytokeratins have homologous basic structure with other intermediate filaments; they possess a 300-315 amino acid (aa) central helical region that consists of four conserved domains (1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B) which are separated by linker domains (L1, L12, and L2) (1,5). Additionally, flanking this central region, both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends have a homologous subdomain (H), a variable domain (V), and charged end subdomains (E) (1). Furthermore, the central rod of one cytokeratin monomer binds with another monomer to form a coiled-coil dimer which subsequently binds another dimer to form a tertramer (3). Finally, many tetramers join together to ultimately form an intermediate filament of approximately 10nm in diameter (1-3, 5). Cytokeratins are expressed as pairs, typically with a type I and type II member; for example, CK10 pairs with CK1 (1,3).

Epithelial cells express multiple subtypes of cytokeratins which can be used to classify epithelial cell type or differentiation status, as well tumor progression or diagnosis (2). Cytokeratins are important for both stability and integrity of epithelial cells and function in intracellular signaling, from wound healing to apoptosis (1). Cytokeratins are useful immunohistochemistry tumor markers and antibodies to cytokeratins are a common pathological tool (1,3,6). Cytokeratin pan antibody is an antibody cocktail mixture that can detect multiple cytokeratins and reacts to multiple epithelial tissues (1,3,6). For example, AE-1/AE-3 is a commonly used specific pan cytokeratin that detects cytokeratins 1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19 (1,3,6).

Given the role of cytokeratins in the structural integrity of epithelial cells, mutations in cytokeratins have been shown to play a role in a variety of human diseases including epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) (4,5). EBS is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by missense mutations in either CK5 or CK14 (5). Other known cytokeratin-related disorders include bullous ichthyosis, a skin disorder characterized by redness, blistering, and hyperkeratosis, and epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), which results in hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles of the body (7).

References

1. Awasthi, P., Thahriani, A., Bhattacharya, A., Awasthi, P., & Keratins, B. A. (2016). Keratins or cytokeratins: a review article. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. https://10.21276/jamdsr.2016.4.4.30

2. Southgate, J., Harnden, P., & Trejdosiewicz, L. K. (1999). Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histology and histopathology. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-14.657

3. Belaldavar, C., Mane, D. R., Hallikerimath, S., Kale, A. D. (2016). Cytokeratins: Its role and expression profile in oral health and disease. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.08.001.

4. Linder S. (2007). Cytokeratin markers come of age. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107582

5. Jacob, J. T., Coulombe, P. A., Kwan, R., & Omary, M. B. (2018). Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a018275

6. Ordonez N. G. (2013). Broad-spectrum immunohistochemical epithelial markers: a review. Human pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.016

7. McLean, W. H., & Moore, C. B. (2011). Keratin disorders: from gene to therapy. Human molecular genetics. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr379

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 6 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Feline, Reptile, Sheep.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC, IHC-P, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 12. Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB120-6401	Applications	Species
Rosato G, Abril C, Hilbe M, Seehusen F A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections Viruses 2023-01-28 [PMID: 36851589] (IHC-P, Sheep)	IHC-P	Sheep
KARAKURT E, DA? S, AKSOY Ö et al. Kedilerin Yass? Hücreli Karsinomlar?nda ?ntermedier Filamentler, p53 Geni, Hücre Proliferasyonu, Metastaz ve Apoptozis Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sa?l?k Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2023-08-31 (IHC, Feline)	IHC	Feline
Dervas E, Michalopoulou E, Hepojoki J et Al. Haemolymphatic tissues of captive boa constrictor (Boa constrictor): Morphological features in healthy individuals and with boid inclusion body disease Dev Comp Immunol 2024-12-16 [PMID: 39694348] (, )
Andreas P Kourouklis, Julius Kaemmel, Xi Wu, Miguel Baños, Astrid Chanfon, Simone de Brot, Aldo Ferrari, Nikola Cesarovic, Volkmar Falk, Edoardo Mazza Transdermal wires for improved integration in vivo. Biomaterials advances 2023-09-01 [PMID: 37591177]
Huo J, Mikolajek H, Bas A et al. A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralising nanobody shows therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian golden hamster model of COVID-19 Nat Commun 2021-09-23 [PMID: 34552091]
Ramsauer A, Wachoski-Dark G, Fraefel C Et Al. Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection Viruses 2021-07-19 [PMID: 34372610] (IHC-P)	IHC-P
Chen YL, Liu KJ, Jang CW et al. ERK Activation Modulates Cancer Stemness and Motility of a Novel Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line Cancers (Basel) 2019-12-24 [PMID: 31878324] (IF/IHC, ICC/IF, Mouse, Human)	IF/IHC, ICC/IF	Mouse, Human
Westrich JA, Vermeer DW, Silva A et al. CXCL14 suppresses human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer through antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses by upregulating MHC-I expression Oncogene 2019-08-15 [PMID: 31417179] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Chung HW, Weng JC, King CE et al. BDNF elevates the axonal levels of hnRNPs Q and R in cultured rat cortical neurons Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2019-06-14 [PMID: 31202892] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Tarasco E, Pellegrini G, Whiting L, Lutz TA. Phenotypical heterogeneity in responder (R) and non-responder (NR) male ApoE 3Leiden.CETP mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2018-07-05 [PMID: 29975550] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Dervas E, Hepojoki J, Laimbacher A et al. Nidovirus-Associated Proliferative Pneumonia in the Green Tree Python (Morelia viridis) J. Virol. 2017-08-09 [PMID: 28794044] (IF/IHC, Reptile)	IF/IHC	Reptile
Meeker RB, Bragg DC, Poulton W, Hudson L. Transmigration of macrophages across the choroid plexus epithelium in response to the feline immunodeficiency virus. Cell Tissue Res;347(2):443-55. 2012-02-01 [PMID: 22281685] (ICC/IF, Feline)	ICC/IF	Feline
Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Verified Customer	ICC	Human	08/09/2019	View Summary Application Immunocytochemistry Sample Tested human pancreas cancer cells Species Human Lot 036M4788V
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Abhishek Aggarwal	IF	Human	02/05/2013	View Summary Application Immunofluorescence Sample Tested Prostate cancer (Human) cell line Species Human Lot 031111AB01

Array NB120-6401

• Cytokeratin, pan Antibodies