Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (C-11) - BSA Free

Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filamentous proteins that are expressed by epithelial cells (1,2). Cytokeratins range in size with a theoretic molecular weight varying from approximately 40 kDa to 68 kDa (2,3). The cytokeratin family consists of 20 polypeptides that are further divided into two main groups based on isoelectric point and molecular weight (1-3). The type I group are smaller, acidic polypeptides designated as cytokeratin 9 through cytokeratin 20 (CK9 - CK20) (1-4). Conversely, CK1 - CK8 belong to the type II group, classified as larger, basic or neutral polypeptides (1-4). Structurally, cytokeratins have homologous basic structure with other intermediate filaments; they possess a 300-315 amino acid (aa) central helical region that consists of four conserved domains (1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B) which are separated by linker domains (L1, L12, and L2) (1,5). Additionally, flanking this central region, both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends have a homologous subdomain (H), a variable domain (V), and charged end subdomains (E) (1). Furthermore, the central rod of one cytokeratin monomer binds with another monomer to form a coiled-coil dimer which subsequently binds another dimer to form a tertramer (3). Finally, many tetramers join together to ultimately form an intermediate filament of approximately 10nm in diameter (1-3, 5). Cytokeratins are expressed as pairs, typically with a type I and type II member; for example, CK10 pairs with CK1 (1,3).

Epithelial cells express multiple subtypes of cytokeratins which can be used to classify epithelial cell type or differentiation status, as well tumor progression or diagnosis (2). Cytokeratins are important for both stability and integrity of epithelial cells and function in intracellular signaling, from wound healing to apoptosis (1). Cytokeratins are useful immunohistochemistry tumor markers and antibodies to cytokeratins are a common pathological tool (1,3,6). Cytokeratin pan antibody is an antibody cocktail mixture that can detect multiple cytokeratins and reacts to multiple epithelial tissues (1,3,6). For example, AE-1/AE-3 is a commonly used specific pan cytokeratin that detects cytokeratins 1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19 (1,3,6).

Given the role of cytokeratins in the structural integrity of epithelial cells, mutations in cytokeratins have been shown to play a role in a variety of human diseases including epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) (4,5). EBS is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by missense mutations in either CK5 or CK14 (5). Other known cytokeratin-related disorders include bullous ichthyosis, a skin disorder characterized by redness, blistering, and hyperkeratosis, and epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), which results in hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles of the body (7).

References

1. Awasthi, P., Thahriani, A., Bhattacharya, A., Awasthi, P., & Keratins, B. A. (2016). Keratins or cytokeratins: a review article. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. https://10.21276/jamdsr.2016.4.4.30

2. Southgate, J., Harnden, P., & Trejdosiewicz, L. K. (1999). Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histology and histopathology. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-14.657

3. Belaldavar, C., Mane, D. R., Hallikerimath, S., Kale, A. D. (2016). Cytokeratins: Its role and expression profile in oral health and disease. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.08.001.

4. Linder S. (2007). Cytokeratin markers come of age. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107582

5. Jacob, J. T., Coulombe, P. A., Kwan, R., & Omary, M. B. (2018). Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a018275

6. Ordonez N. G. (2013). Broad-spectrum immunohistochemical epithelial markers: a review. Human pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.016

7. McLean, W. H., & Moore, C. B. (2011). Keratin disorders: from gene to therapy. Human molecular genetics. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr379

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Mouse.

We have publications tested in 3 applications: FLOW, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr.

Showing Publications 1 - 9 of 9.

Publications using NBP1-48348	Applications	Species
Kleeman S, Thakir T, Demestichas B et al. Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy Cell Genomics 2023-06-23 [PMID: 37601967] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)	IHC-Fr	Mouse
Papadaki MA, Mala A, Merodoulaki AC Et al. Investigating the Role of CTCs with Stem/EMT-like Features in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Eribulin Mesylate Cancers (Basel) 2022-08-26 [PMID: 36010896] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 488 version of this antibody.	ICC/IF	Human
Polioudaki H, Mala A, Gkimprixi E et al. Epithelial/Mesenchymal Characteristics and PD-L1 Co-Expression in CTCs of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Eribulin: Correlation with Clinical Outcome Cancers 2020-12-11 [PMID: 33322610] Details: We developed a method combining immunocytochemistry, indirect and direct immunofluorescence.
Papadaki MA, Koutsopoulos AV, Tsoulfas PG et al. Clinical Relevance of Immune Checkpoints on Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Cancers (Basel) 2020-02-06 [PMID: 32041353] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Consentius C, Mirenska A, Jurisch A et al. In situ detection of CD73+ CD90+ CD105+ lineage: Mesenchymal stromal cells in human placenta and bone marrow specimens by chipcytometry. Cytometry A 2018-07-01 [PMID: 30211969] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Ijsselsteijn ME, Brouwer TP, Abdulrahman Z et al. Cancer immunophenotyping by 7 colour multispectral imaging without tyramide signal amplification J Pathol Clin Res. 2018-01-01 [PMID: 30191683] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 647 form of this antibody.	ICC/IF	Human
Ogata A, Kawashima M, Wakamiya T et al. Carotid artery stenosis with a high-intensity signal plaque on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and association with evidence of intraplaque hypoxia J. Neurosurg. 2016-07-01 [PMID: 27367236] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Sinha M, Lowell CA. Immune Defense Protein Expression in Highly Purified Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2015 Nov 17 [PMID: 26574781]
McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Regulation of fibroblast lipid storage and myofibroblast phenotypes during alveolar septation in mice Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014-08-24 [PMID: 25150063] Details: Citation using the PE version of this antibody.

Array NBP1-48348

• Cytokeratin, pan Antibodies