Regulation Of Insulin Secretion Pathway Bioinformatics
Insulin is a peptide hormone that is responsible for helping with the regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as it causes the cells of various tissues to absorb glucose in various forms from the bloodstream. Insulin is produced in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans located in the pancreas, and is ready to be released into the body once it is cleaved from its signal peptide. Once glucose enters the body, it migrates to the pancreas an enters the beta cell, which leads to membrane depolarization and opens the calcium channels, allowing calcium to flow into the cell. The increase of calcium inside the cell initiates the secretion of insulin through secretory vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane, and insulin enters the bloodstream and begins its job of regulating blood and cell glucose levels. There are factors other than glucose levels that can regulate insulin secretion, and they include KATP channels, cAMPS, beta cell mitochondria, and leucine. ATP is necessary for insulin secretion, and many of these factors control ATP levels, in turn helping to regulate the secretion of insulin into the bloodstream. Deficiencies in insulin or resistance to the protein can lead to diseases including diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome.
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