Activation Of Mapk Activity Pathway Bioinformatics
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that work to direct cellular responses to stimuli including osmotic stress and heat shock, as well as regulate cellular functions including proliferation, mitosis, apoptosis, and cell survival. The activation of MAPK activity requires phosphorylation events of activation loops that contain a threonine-x-tyrosine motif and results in tandem activation. Phosphorylation is controlled by certain growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, as well as enzymes in the STE protein kinase group, which are previously activated by phosphorylation as well. The activation of MAPK activity is the start of four signal transduction cascades, which leads to the activation of ERK1-2, JNK, p38, and ERK5 via smaller ligands such as Ras, Raf and MEK.
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