Complement C4b/d Antibody (16D2)

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is associated with histones and other proteins to form chromatin. The cell division cycle constitutes a series of processes that have evolved to create two genetically identical daughter cells from a mother cell. One of these processes is the conversion of relatively amorphous, extended interphase chromatin into condensed, highly ordered mitotic chromosomes. Proper mitotic chromosome condensation is essential for the correct segregation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle, which consists of 140 bp DNA wrapped around an octameric core containing two each of the four conserved core histones: H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. A fifth histone, the linker histone H1, interacts with DNA of variable length, linking adjacent nucleosome cores, and further compacting the chromatin. Chromatin changes are initiated during G2 phase of the cell cycle, in preparation for cell division. The most striking morphological change is chromatin condensation, which becomes apparent during prophase and is maximal during the subsequent stages of mitosis. Histone H1 and the N-terminal tail of H3 have key roles in the folding and inter-association of the chromatin fiber. Two currently known phosphorylation sites are present in the N-terminus of H3; serine-10 and serine-28.1,2 Mitogenic stimulation, oncogenic transformation, or induction of oncogenic ras expression are accompanied with increase in serine-10 phosphorylation of the H3 N-terminal domain. Indeed, it has been shown that phosphorylated H3 is associated with c-fos and c-myc genes in stimulated cells. Phosphorylation of H3, at both serine-10 and -28, coincides with the induction of mitotic chromosome condensation. H3 phosphorylation may contribute to proto-oncogene induction by modulating chromatin structure and releasing blocks in elongation. In contrast to H1 hyperphosphorylation, site-specific phosphorylation of core histone H3 at serine-10 and -28 appears to occur exclusively during mitosis in mammalian cells. H3 dephosphorylation occurs quite rapidly after mitosis and serine-10/28 remain unphosphorylated throughout the remainder of interphase. PP1 has been identified as the H3 phosphatase. Monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with phosphorylated histone H3, are useful tools to study molecular mechanisms associated with the G2 to M transition and chromatin condensation, and for the analysis of protein kinase(s) and phosphatase(s) involved in H3 phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. They may also be used in multiparameter analysis to relate H3 phosphorylation in individual cells to the cell

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 1 confirmed species: Mouse.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: IF/IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, WB, Western Blot.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 12. Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB200-541	Applications	Species
Miyahara, Y, Khattar, M, Schroder, P M et al. Anti-TCR beta mAb Induces Long-Term Allograft Survival by Reducing Antigen-Reactive T Cells and Sparing Regulatory T Cells. American Journal of Transplantation 2012-01-01 [PMID: 22420295] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Ujic D Neurodevelopmental and Protein Analysis in the Maternal Immune Activation Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Thesis 2023-01-01 (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Zhang H, Cavazzoni CB, Podestà MA et al. IL-21-producing effector Tfh cells promote B cell alloimmunity in lymph nodes and kidney allografts JCI insight 2023-10-23 [PMID: 37870962] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Xiao J, Li Y, Rowley T et al. Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 pathway alleviates neuroinflammation caused by chronic Toxoplasma infection Scientific Reports 2023-01-23 [PMID: 36690687] (Western Blot)	Western Blot
Zhang H, Cavazzoni CB, Hanson BL et al. Transcriptionally Distinct B Cells Infiltrate Allografts After Kidney Transplantation Transplantation 2022-11-11 [PMID: 36398326] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Benedetti Gassen R, Borges TJ, PErez-SAez MJ et al. T cell depletion increases humoral response by favoring T follicular helper cells expansion American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2022-03-23 [PMID: 35320600] (IF/IHC)	IF/IHC
Amin Ahmadi, Reza Moghadasali, Vahid Ezzatizadeh, Zeinab Taghizadeh, Seyed Mahdi Nassiri, Mohammad Hassan Asghari-Vostikolaee, Mehdi Alikhani, Fatemeh Hadi, Reza Rahbarghazi, Reza Salman Yazdi, Hossein Baharvand, Nasser Aghdami Transplantation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Podocytes in a Mouse Model of Membranous Nephropathy Attenuates Proteinuria Scientific Reports 2019-10-29 [PMID: 31664077]
Murata, K et al. Synergistic deposition of C4d by complement-activating and non-activating antibodies in cardiac transplants. Am J Transplant, 7: 2605. 2007-01-01 [PMID: 17868071] (WB)	WB
Zhang, Y et al. Allograft rejection requires STAT5a/b-regulated antiapoptotic activity in T cells but not B cells. J Immunol 176:128-137. 2006-01-01 [PMID: 16365403]
Gadjeva, M et al. Macrophage-derived complement component C4 can restore humoral immunity in C4-deficient mice. J Immunol, 169: 5489. 2002-01-01 [PMID: 12421924]
Paul E et al. Anti-DNA autoreactivity in C4-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol, 32: 2672. 2002-01-01 [PMID: 12207352]
Kremmer, E et al. Monoclonal antibodies to complement components without the need of their prior purification. II. Antibodies to mouse C3 and C4. Hybridoma , 9 : 309. Antibodies to mouse C3 and C4. 1990-01-01 [PMID: 2210776] (IHC-Fr)	IHC-Fr
Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array NB200-541

• Complement C4b/d Antibody