A brain infarction occurs when brain tissue is prevented from receiving blood, which can result in very rapid cell death, brain damage, stroke, and even death. Damage or blockage to the carotid arteries yields a cerebral brain infarction, affecting the cerebral cortex, while damage to the vertebral arteries leads to a brain stem infarction, affecting the lower portion of the brain. Symptoms of a brain infarction are consistent with those of a stroke and can include dizziness, motor skill and vision impairment, headaches, and nausea. People who are at a higher risk for brain infarctions include those who smoke, have higher cholesterol, or are on a medication that may cause blood clotting. Treatments for brain infarctions focus on increasing blood flow to the affected area as quickly as possible, as cells can die without oxygen and nutrients from blood in a matter of minutes.
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