Brain ischemia is a condition that occurs when the brain is deprived of sufficient blood flow and therefore cannot perform metabolism. This also causes hypoxia and the death of brain tissue, known as an ischemic stroke. Focal brain ischemia is typically caused by a blood clot or cholesterol buildup in an artery of the brain, and global brain ischemia can be caused by cardiac arrest, sickle cell anemia, or congenital heart defects. Because the brain does not store energy, once the oxygen supply from the blood is cut off, cells begin to die in as quickly as four minutes, and brain damage is very likely. Symptoms of brain ischemia can be unconsciousness, vision problems, lack of motor skills, and dizziness. Treatment for brain ischemia includes regulating the blood pressure into the brain as well as taking preventative measures against seizures, as they are likely to occur following a brain ischemia.
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