We at Novus Biologicals have over 230 products in our antibody catalog devoted to nucleotide excision repair. NER is a multi-stage sequential process involving over 30 proteins, all of which have been widely studied. Being the primary method to repair DNA damage caused by agents ranging from UV radiation to chemotherapy drugs, our NER antibody database is widely used by cancer research groups.
The first stage of NER is damage recognition and demarcation. There are two main pathways: global genomic repair and transcription-coupled repair. Global repair involves the Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementing proteins XPC and DDB1 (XPE), and the RD23B–centrin 2 complex, which recognize the damage by forming a heterotrimeric complex. Transcription-coupled repair occurs in genes that are being actively transcribed by RNA pol II. The Cockayne's Syndrome Factors ERCC8 and ERCC6 act to inhibit transcription so repair of the gene can be initiated. Following this stage, the NER pathway is common to both mechanisms.
The second stage involves the two excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC) proteins ERCC5 (XPG; 3'-endonuclease) and ERCC4, which is a complex of XPF 5'-endonuclease and ERCC1. Excision is accomplished by unwinding and bubble-formation of the strand containing the damage, an oligonucleotide of around 29 nucleotide units. A dual incision is then made on either side of this, and the oligonucleotide removed, after which resynthesis and ligation by DNA polymerase completes the repair. The size of the bubble and positions of incision points will vary depending on the extent of the damage.
-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB500-704-img0002.jpg "Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ERCC1 Antibody")
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ERCC1 Antibody
Some changes have been made to nomenclature, which can cause confusion. The XPD, XPB, XPF and XPG excision repair complementing factors are today known as ERCC 2 – 5. We always include alternative names in our antibody catalog, so antibodies can be easily found.
Novus Biologicals offers many NER reagents for your research needs including:
