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![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Tat-Beclin 1 D11 Autophagy Inducing Peptide [NBP2-49888] - HeLa GFP-LC3B cells were treated with Tat-D11, Tat-L11, Tat-Beclin 1 or Tat-L11S for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, the cells were stained using NeuroTrace Red or DAPI and analyzed employing fluorescent microscopy. Note the higher number of autophagosomes/GFP-LC3B+ puncta in the images of Tat-D11 and Tat-L11 treated cells when compared to Tat-Beclin 1 and Tat-L11S treated cells.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Tat-Beclin-1-D11-Autophagy-Inducing-Peptide-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-49888-img0002.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Tat-Beclin 1 D11 Autophagy Inducing Peptide [NBP2-49888] - HeLa GFP-LC3B cells were treated with Tat-D11, Tat-L11, Tat-Beclin 1 or Tat-L11S for 1.5 hours. Thereafter, the cells were stained using NeuroTrace Red or DAPI and analyzed employing fluorescent microscopy. Note the higher number of autophagosomes/GFP-LC3B+ puncta in the images of Tat-D11 and Tat-L11 treated cells when compared to Tat-Beclin 1 and Tat-L11S treated cells.")
![In vitro assay: Tat-Beclin 1 D11 Autophagy Inducing Peptide - Retroinverso form [NBP2-49888] - Analysis of lysates from HeLa cells that were left untreated (blank) or were treated with 10-20 uM each of Tat-D11, Tat-L11, Tat-Beclin 1 or Tat-L11S. The lysates were analyzed for the expression of LC3-1/LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 using 2 ug/mL each of anti-LC3B (NB100-2220) and anti-SQSTM1/p62 (MAB8028) respectively. Anti-Actin (AF4000) was used as a loading control. TatD11 exhibited superior induction of LC3-II and down-regulation of p62 protein when compared to other treatment and control groups.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Tat-Beclin-1-D11-Autophagy-Inducing-Peptide---Retroinverso-form-Western-Blot-NBP2-49888-img0001.jpg)
![In vivo assay: Tat-Beclin 1 D11 Autophagy Inducing Peptide - Retroinverso form [NBP2-49888] - In vivo dose study in 10wk old C57BL/6J mice. Either 1mg/kg or 10mg/kg IP once daily was administered for 2 days, mice were sacrificed, kidneys prepared for Western blot analysis. Lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 was used to provide a measurement of autophagic flux. *vehicle is scrambled tat-beclin (NBP2-49887-5mg). Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Tat-Beclin-1-D11-Autophagy-Inducing-Peptide---Retroinverso-form-In-vivo-assay-NBP2-49888-img0004.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - SSEA1 antibody (NB100-1831) was tested in with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and beta-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBA1-19349-img0008.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - SSEA1 antibody (NB100-1831) was tested in with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and beta-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Flow Cytometry: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - DCGR8 mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured for 5 passages in StemXVivo Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cell Media (R&D Systems, Catalog # CCM025). At passage 5, cells were harvested and analyzed for pluripotent markers by flow cytometry. Expression of SSEA-1 and SSEA-4 were detected using PE-conjugated Mouse Anti-SSEA-1 Monoclonal Antibody (R&D Systems, Catalog # FAB2155P) and APC-conjugated Mouse Anti-SSEA-4 Monoclonal Antibody (R&D Systems, Catalog # FAB1435A). Quadrant lines were drawn based on matched isotype controls.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-Flow-Cytometry-NBA1-19349-img0012.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - Nanog antibody (NB100-58842) was tested in with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBA1-19349-img0007.jpg)
![In vitro assay: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - Brightfield Image of DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cell [NBA1-19349] colonies growing directly on a gelatinized tissue culture flask.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-In-vitro-assay-NBA1-19349-img0009.jpg)
![In vitro assay: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - Brightfield Image of DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cell [NBA1-19349] colonies growing on a Mitomycin C MEF cell feeder layer.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-In-vitro-assay-NBA1-19349-img0010.jpg)
![In vitro assay: DGCR8 knockout Mouse embryonic stem cells [NBA1-19349] - Brightfield Image of DGCR8 -/- ES cell colonies growing on a gamma-irradiated MEF cell feeder layer.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-Mouse-embryonic-stem-cells-In-vitro-assay-NBA1-19349-img0011.jpg)
![Western Blot: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder (MW). Lane 2: Active Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Western-Blot-NBP2-54789-img0005.jpg "Western Blot: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder (MW). Lane 2: Active Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Primary rat hippocampal neurons show lewy body inclusion formation when treated with active Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate at 4 ug/ml (D-F), but not when treated with control Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate at 4 ug/ml (A-C). Tissue: Primary hippocampal neurons. Species: Sprague-Dawley rat. Fixation: 4% formaldehyde from PFA. Primary Antibody: Mouse anti-pSer129 Antibody at 1:1000 24 hours at 4C. Secondary Antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Mouse (green) at 1:700 for 1 hours at RT. Counterstain: Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1:4000 for 1 hour at RT. Localization: Lewy body incluscions. Magnification: 20x.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-54789-img0004.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Immunohistochemistry analysis of rat brain injected with Type 1 human alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-54789). Species: Female Sprague-Dawley Rat. Rat was injected with 16g Type 1 human alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-54789) in each of 2 injection sites: AP+1.6, ML+2.4, DV-4.2 from skull; and AP-1.4, ML+0.2, DV-2.8 from skull. 30-days post-injection. Fixation: Saline perfusion followed by 4% PFA fixation for 48 hrs. Primary antibody: rabbit monoclonal anti-pSer129 alpha synuclein. Secondary Antibody: Biotin-SP Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 for 2 hours in cold room with shaking. ABC signal amplification, DAB staining. Magnification: 20X. Alpha synuclein pathology is seen in the striatum close to an injection site.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Immunohistochemistry-NBP2-54789-img0007.jpg)
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate (NBP2-54789) is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer (NBP2-54788), as compared to active alpha Synuclein aggregate (NBP2-54789) and active alpha Synuclein monomer (NBP2-54788) alone. Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-54789-img0006.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - TEM of Type 1 alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) (NBP2-54789)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-54789-img0008.jpg)
![Product Image: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - Toxicity results comparing Active Human Recombinant alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2) and Active Human Recombinant alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1) (Catalog No. NBP2-54789). Data was graphed after live cell imaging results were obtained using the following procedure: After 8 days in vitro, primary rat mixed cortical neuron cells were washed with 1X PBS and treated with 500 g/ml of Type 1 and Type 2 alpha-Synuclein Proteins for 20 hours at 37C. Following treatements, cells were washed with 2X PBS and incubated with a staining solution (2.0 M Cell Event + 2.5 M Ethidium homodimer + 2.5 g/ml Hoechst 33342 in sterile HBSS) for 30 minutes at 37C. The addition of the Type 2 alpha-Synuclein Proteins resulted in a significant increase in cell death.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Product-Image-NBP2-54789-img0010.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-54789] - TEM of Type 1 alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) (NBP2-54789)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-54789-img0009.jpg)
![Western Blot: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder (MW). Lane 2: Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-2-Protein-Western-Blot-NBP2-54787-img0005.jpg "Western Blot: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder (MW). Lane 2: Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - Primary rat hippocampal neurons show lewy body inclusion formation when treated with active Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate at 4 ug/ml (D-F), but not when treated with control Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate at 4 ug/ml (A-C). Tissue: Primary hippocampal neurons. Species: Sprague-Dawley rat. Fixation: 4% formaldehyde made from PFA. Primary Antibody: Mouse anti-pSer129 Antibody at 1:1000 24 hours at 4C. Secondary Antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Mouse (green) at 1:700 for 1 hours at RT. Counterstain: Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1:4000 for 1 hour at RT. Localization: Lewy body incluscions. Magnification: 20x.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-2-Protein-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-54787-img0006.jpg)
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate (NBP2-54789) is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer (NBP2-54788), as compared to when 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer (NBP2-54788) is combined with 10 nM of control alpha Synuclein aggregate (NBP2-54787), or 100 uM of control alpha Synuclein monomer (NBP2-54786) is combined with 10 nM of control alpha Synuclein aggregate (NBP2-54787). Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-2-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-54787-img0007.jpg)
![Product Image: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - Toxicity results comparing Active Human Recombinant alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2) (Catalog No. NBP2-54787) and Active Human Recombinant alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1). Data was graphed after live cell imaging results were obtained using the following procedure: After 8 days in vitro, primary rat mixed cortical neuron cells were washed with 1X PBS and treated with 500 g/ml of Type 1 and Type 2 alpha-Synuclein Proteins for 20 hours at 37C. Following treatements, cells were washed with 2X PBS and incubated with a staining solution (2.0 M Cell Event + 2.5 M Ethidium homodimer + 2.5 g/ml Hoechst 33342 in sterile HBSS) for 30 minutes at 37C. The addition of the Type 2 alpha-Synuclein Proteins resulted in a significant increase in cell death.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-2-Protein-Product-Image-NBP2-54787-img0009.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 2) Protein [NBP2-54787] - TEM of Type 2 alpha-Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) (NBP2-54787)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-2-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-54787-img0008.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DGCR8 knockout MEF cells [NBP2-25171] - The DGCR8 knockout MEF cells were stained for alpha Tubulin at a 1:1000 dilution against Dylight 550 (Red) to show composition of cell structure. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-MEF-cells-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-25171-img0003.jpg "Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: DGCR8 knockout MEF cells [NBP2-25171] - The DGCR8 knockout MEF cells were stained for alpha Tubulin at a 1:1000 dilution against Dylight 550 (Red) to show composition of cell structure. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue)")
![In vitro assay: DGCR8 knockout MEF cells [NBP2-25171] - Brightfield Image of DGCR8 MEF knockout cells](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/DGCR8-knockout-MEF-cells-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-25171-img0002.jpg)
![In vitro assay: TNFSF4 Protein [NBP2-26577] - Demonstration in vitro of the potency of Fc-OX40L in comparison to an agonist antibody OX86, with anti-CD3 alone serving as a negative control for co-stimulation.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TNFSF4-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-26577-img0001.jpg "In vitro assay: TNFSF4 Protein [NBP2-26577] - Demonstration in vitro of the potency of Fc-OX40L in comparison to an agonist antibody OX86, with anti-CD3 alone serving as a negative control for co-stimulation.")
![SDS-Page: TNFSF4 Protein [NBP2-26577] - Electrophoretic analysis of Fc-mOX40L using Coomassie blue stained 4-20% reducing SDS-PAGE.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/TNFSF4-Protein-SDS-Page-NBP2-26577-img0002.jpg)
![SDS-Page: Recombinant Mouse OX40 Ligand/TNFSF4 Protein [NBP2-26577] - Electrophoretic analysis of Fc-mOX40L using Coomassie blue stained 4-15% reducing SDS-PAGE.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-OX40-Ligand-TNFSF4-Protein-SDS-Page-NBP2-26577-img0004.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - Immunohistochemistry analysis of rat brain injected with Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596). Species: Female Sprague-Dawley Rat. Rat was injected with 16g Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596) in each of 2 injection sites: AP+1.6, ML+2.4, DV-4.2 from skull; and AP-1.4, ML+0.2, DV-2.8 from skull. 30 days post-injection. Fixation: Saline perfusion followed by 4% PFA fixation for 48 hrs. Primary antibody: rabbit monoclonal anti-pSer129 alpha synuclein. Secondary Antibody: Biotin-SP Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 for 2 hours in cold room with shaking. ABC signal amplification, DAB staining. Magnification: 20X. Alpha synuclein pathology is seen in the periform/insular cortex and the cingulate cortex on both the same (ipsi) and opposite (contra) sides as the injection sites.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Immunohistochemistry-NBP2-61596-img0003.jpg "Immunohistochemistry: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - Immunohistochemistry analysis of rat brain injected with Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596). Species: Female Sprague-Dawley Rat. Rat was injected with 16g Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596) in each of 2 injection sites: AP+1.6, ML+2.4, DV-4.2 from skull; and AP-1.4, ML+0.2, DV-2.8 from skull. 30 days post-injection. Fixation: Saline perfusion followed by 4% PFA fixation for 48 hrs. Primary antibody: rabbit monoclonal anti-pSer129 alpha synuclein. Secondary Antibody: Biotin-SP Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 for 2 hours in cold room with shaking. ABC signal amplification, DAB staining. Magnification: 20X. Alpha synuclein pathology is seen in the periform/insular cortex and the cingulate cortex on both the same (ipsi) and opposite (contra) sides as the injection sites.")
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - Active alpha synuclein aggregate seeds the formation of new alpha Synuclein aggregates from the pool of active monomers. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer, as compared to active alpha Synuclein aggregate and active alpha Synuclein monomer alone. Thioflavin T excitation maximum = 450 nm; emission maximum = 485 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-61596-img0002.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - TEM of Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-61596). Fibrils were sonicated and image was taken at 100kx magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-61596-img0005.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - TEM of Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-61596). Image was taken at 100kx magnification.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Type-1-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-61596-img0004.jpg)
![SDS-Page: Recombinant Human Tau Active, (K18), P301L Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76793] - SDS-PAGE of ~15 kDa Active Human Tau Protein K18 P301L Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76793). Lane 1: MW Ladder. Lane 2: Tau Protein Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76793).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-Active-K18-P301L-Mutant-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-SDS-Page-NBP2-76793-img0001.jpg "SDS-Page: Recombinant Human Tau Active, (K18), P301L Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76793] - SDS-PAGE of ~15 kDa Active Human Tau Protein K18 P301L Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76793). Lane 1: MW Ladder. Lane 2: Tau Protein Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76793).")
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Human Tau Active, (K18), P301L Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76793] - Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in tau fibrils. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to tau aggregation) over time in tau Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-76793). Tau Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-76793) seed the formation of new tau fibrils when combined with tau monomers . Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm. 10 uM heparin was added to each well.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-Active-K18-P301L-Mutant-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-76793-img0002.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human Tau Active, (K18), P301L Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76793] - TEM of recombinant Tau (K18), P301L mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) at 150kx magnification. HV=80kV.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-Active-K18-P301L-Mutant-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-76793-img0004.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human Tau Active, (K18), P301L Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76793] - TEM of recombinant Tau (K18), P301L mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) at 150kx magnification. HV=80kV.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-Active-K18-P301L-Mutant-Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-76793-img0003.jpg)
![SDS-Page: Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active, P301S Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76794] - DS-PAGE of ~67 kDa Human Tau Protein 2N4R P301S Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76794). Lane 1: MW Ladder. Lane 2: Tau Protein Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76794)](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-441-Active--P301S-Mutant--Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-SDS-Page-NBP2-76794-img0001.jpg "SDS-Page: Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active, P301S Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76794] - DS-PAGE of ~67 kDa Human Tau Protein 2N4R P301S Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76794). Lane 1: MW Ladder. Lane 2: Tau Protein Preformed Fibrils (NBP2-76794)")
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active, P301S Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76794] - Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures such as those in tau fibrils. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to tau aggregation) when tau Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-76794) are combined with tau monomers . The Pre-formed Fibrils seed the formation of new fibrils from a pool of monomers. Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm. 10 uM heparin was added to each well.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-441-Active--P301S-Mutant--Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-76794-img0002.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active, P301S Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76794] - TEM of recombinant Tau 441441 (2N4R), P301S mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs). Fibrils were sonicated and stained with uranyl acetate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active- P301S Mutant- Pre-formed Fibrils Protein-Electron Microscopy-NBP2-76794-img0004.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Human Tau 441 Active, P301S Mutant, Pre-formed Fibrils Protein [NBP2-76794] - TEM of recombinant Tau 441441 (2N4R), P301S mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) at 150kx magnification. HV = 80kV. Fibrils were sonicated and stained with uranyl acetate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Human-Tau-441-Active--P301S-Mutant--Pre-formed-Fibrils-Protein-Electron-Microscopy-NBP2-76794-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta Amyloid 42 Peptide [NBP3-18318] - Western blot of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (NBP3-18318, left), oligomers (middle) and fibrils (right) using anti-amyloid beta 6E10 antibody. Amyloid beta constructs at 160 pmol were run on 4-12% Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose in the presence of 0.02% v/v Tween-20, and blotted with 1:1000 mouse 6E10 primary antibody (Biolegend). Oligomers observed under TEM/AFM show distinct dimer/trimer bands as well as a signal from ~37-75 kDa (middle). Fibrils observed under TEM/AFM show a signal greater than 100 kDa and a distinct signal in the stacking gel (right).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Amyloid-42-Peptide-Western-Blot-NBP3-18318-img0001.jpg "Western Blot: beta Amyloid 42 Peptide [NBP3-18318] - Western blot of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (NBP3-18318, left), oligomers (middle) and fibrils (right) using anti-amyloid beta 6E10 antibody. Amyloid beta constructs at 160 pmol were run on 4-12% Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose in the presence of 0.02% v/v Tween-20, and blotted with 1:1000 mouse 6E10 primary antibody (Biolegend). Oligomers observed under TEM/AFM show distinct dimer/trimer bands as well as a signal from ~37-75 kDa (middle). Fibrils observed under TEM/AFM show a signal greater than 100 kDa and a distinct signal in the stacking gel (right).")
![In vitro assay: beta Amyloid 42 Peptide [NBP3-18318] - Amyloid beta 1-42 oligomers and fibrils show a dose-dependent toxicity to primary rat cortical neurons, but not monomers (NBP3-18318). Survival of rat primary cortical neurons 14 days after treatment with different concentrations of (A) monomers, (B) oligomers or (C) fibrils quantified by MAP2 positive neurons and expressed as a percentage of control. Fibrils and respective vehicle controls were initially sonicated in a Bioruptor. Test conditions were run in the same plate as untreated control and vehicle controls, which consisted of buffer without amyloid beta 1-42 protein. Data expressed as mean +/- s.e.m. (n=6). A global analysis of the data was performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts test; ** p<0.01 stats vs control; ## p<0.01, #### p<0.0001 stats vs vehicle control.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Amyloid-42-Peptide-In-vitro-assay-NBP3-18318-img0002.jpg)
![Immunomicroscopy: beta Amyloid 42 Peptide [NBP3-18318] - AFM of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (NBP3-18318, left), oligomers (middle) and fibrils (right). Atomic force microscopy analysis of 1.0 mg/mL samples diluted to 0.1 mg/mL in dH2O, mounted on freshly cleaved mica, washed, dried and analyzed with tapping mode. Representative images are 2.5 x 2.5 m x-y with a z-range of 10 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta Amyloid 42 Peptide-Immunomicroscopy-NBP3-18318-img0004.jpg)
![Electron Microscopy: beta Amyloid 42 Peptide [NBP3-18318] - TEM of amyloid beta 1-42 monomers (NBP3-18318, left), oligomers (middle) and fibrils (right). Negative stain transmission electron microscopy images acquired at 80 Kv on carbon coated 400 mesh copper grids using phosphotungstic acid and uranyl acetate stain. Scale bar = 100 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Amyloid-42-Peptide-Electron-Microscopy-NBP3-18318-img0003.jpg)
![In vitro assay: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Monomer, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61595] - Active alpha synuclein aggregate seeds the formation of new alpha Synuclein aggregates from the pool of active monomers. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer, as compared to active alpha Synuclein aggregate and active alpha Synuclein monomer alone. Thioflavin T excitation maximum = 450 nm; emission maximum = 485 nm.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Recombinant-Mouse-alpha-Synuclein-Active-Monomer-Type-1-Protein-In-vitro-assay-NBP2-61595-img0004.jpg "In vitro assay: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Monomer, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61595] - Active alpha synuclein aggregate seeds the formation of new alpha Synuclein aggregates from the pool of active monomers. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer, as compared to active alpha Synuclein aggregate and active alpha Synuclein monomer alone. Thioflavin T excitation maximum = 450 nm; emission maximum = 485 nm.")