Hematopoiesis

The CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) protein is one member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR1) family. As a multipass membrane protein that is found in several tissues, it is the receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1. The CXCR4 ligand works by modulating intracellular calcium ion levels and activating the MAPK1/MAPK3 signal pathways. CXCR4 is also a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin, which produces enhanced levels of intracellular calcium and reduced levels of cellular cAMP.

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule PECAM1 (also called CD31) is a 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on most cells of the hematopoietic lineage including platelets, monocytes, neutrophils and certain lymphocyte subsets (1). It has also been suggested that PECAM-1 contributes to endothelial cell barrier function.

Interleukin 6 is a complex pleiotropic cytokine having both anti and pro-inflammatory effects. Alterations in expression contribute to many human diseases, and the IL6 antibody is widely used in the research areas of innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmune disorders; CAD (coronary artery disease); neurological disorders; cancer and inflammatory disease.