PCNA antibodies are useful biomarkers in DNA repair studies. PCNA is one of several proteins essential for the completion of nucleotide excision repair, a multi-stage process involving 20 - 30 proteins, and an important factor in repairing damage and mutations to the DNA helical structure. We at Novus Biologicals have an extensive NER antibody database, which is used in research that includes Cockayne’s Syndrome, XP (Xeroderma Pigmentosum), and cancer and chemotherapy research.
NER is initiated by recognition of the damage and occurs via two routes, global and transcription-coupled. Global is the more common, involving the XPE and XPC complementing proteins, RD23B and centrin 2. From stage 2 onwards NER becomes a single pathway process.
-Immunohistochemistry-NB500-106-img0001.jpg "Immunohistochemistry: PCNA Antibody")
Immunohistochemistry: PCNA Antibody
Excision involves a complex interaction of proteins, including DNA excision repair proteins ERCC1 to ERCC5 (ERCC1 complexed with XPF). Following unwinding and bubble formation, the damaged strand is removed so resynthesis can take place. Stage 3 involves resynthesis of the missing DNA by DNA polymerases sigma/epsilon, with a number of auxiliary factors including PCNA and RPA–RFC. DNA ligase 1 completes the process.
During the replication process, PCNA binds to FEN1 and XPG, and CDK inhibitor p21 and DNA cytosine 5-methyltransferase (MCMT). As well as NER it is an essential factor in base excision repair and mismatch repairs. PCNA antibodies are of invaluable use when studying the proliferation of tumour cells, owing to the protein’s involvement in both replication and repair.
In 2002, a highly specific monoclonal PCNA antibody (clone PC10), was raised to genetically engineered PCNA, proving a useful label for proliferating human cells – and a useful addition to the antibody catalogs of antibody suppliers such as us at Novus Biologicals.
Novus Biologicals offers many PCNA reagents for your research needs including:
