Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a member of the toll-like receptor family that plays a key role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Scientists using TLR9 antibodies have found the protein is highly conserved from Drosophila to humans, with a high degree of structural and functional homology (1,2). TLR proteins recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on a wide spectrum of exogenous and endogenous ligands – including infectious agents - and regulate the cytokine production required for effective immunity development. Studies in mice and humans with TLR9 antibodies demonstrate that TLR9 detects unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to trigger the downstream immune response (3).
-Flow%20cytometry%20-%20FACS%20analysis-NBP1-43140-img0002.jpg "Flow cytometry / FACS analysis: TLR9 Antibody")
TLR9 antibodies have been used to demonstrate preferential TLR9 expression in immune cell-rich tissues, such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes (4). Given the role of TLR in immunity and inflammation, researchers used TLR9 antibody to identify TLR9 and TLR7 as key transducers of the dendritic cell and autoreactive B-cell compartments in the autoimmune disorder systemic lupus erthymatosus (5). Robak, et. al. have promising results using specific G-rich oligonucleotides to effectively block TLR9, as monitored with TLR9 antibody, to suppress lupus activity (6). Recent new evidence from Eiro’s lab with TLR9 antibody Westerns and IHC suggests that TLR expression in colorectal polyps is protective and a pathological marker of carcinoma risk (7).
Novus Biologicals offers TLR9 reagents for your research needs including:
