Recombinant Rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha Protein, CF Summary
| Details of Functionality |
Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED50 for this effect is 0.3-1.5 ng/mL. |
| Source |
E. coli-derived rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha protein
Ala24-Ala92 |
| Accession # |
|
| N-terminal Sequence |
Ala24 and Pro25
|
| Structure / Form |
Monomer |
| Protein/Peptide Type |
Recombinant Proteins |
| Gene |
CCL3 |
| Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
| Endotoxin Note |
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Applications/Dilutions
| Dilutions |
|
| Theoretical MW |
7.8 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
| SDS-PAGE |
8.5 kDa, reducing conditions |
Packaging, Storage & Formulations
| Storage |
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
|
| Buffer |
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
| Reconstitution Instructions |
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. |
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha Protein, CF
Background
CCL3, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha ) and LD78, is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta . Chemokines comprise a large family of small secreted proteins that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells (1). Mature rat CCL3 shares 74%, 91%, and 88% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively (2). CCL3 is an approximately 8 kDa chemokine that forms complexes with sulfated proteoglycans (3, 4). In a reversible process, CCL3 associates into noncovalently-linked dimers which then form tetramers and high molecular weight polymers (5, 6). These complexes of CCL3 are protected from proteolytic digestion by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) which can cleave the monomeric chemokine (6). CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 (1). It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization
via the decoy chemokine receptor D6 (7). CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils (1, 8 - 10). CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (3). CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis (11 - 14), although it also can suppress the replication of HIV (15). CCL3 additionally promotes hyperalgesia by sensitizing sensory neurons to TRPV1-mediated noxious stimulation (16).
- Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
- Shi, M.M. et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 211:289.
- Graham, G.J. et al. (1990) Nature 344:442.
- Wagner, L. et al. (1998) Nature 391:908.
- Graham, G.J. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:4974.
- Ren, M. et al. (2010) EMBO J. 29:3952.
- Weber, M. et al. (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2492
- Taub, D.D. et al. (1993) Science 260:355.
- Bernardini, G. et al. (2008) Blood 111:3626.
- Lee, S.C. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:3392.
- Wu, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:6384.
- Cook, D.N. et al. (1995) Science 269:1583.
- Chintalacharuvu, S.R. et al. (2005) Immunol. Lett. 100:202.
- Ajuebor, M.N. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:2907.
- Cocchi, F. et al. (1995) Science 270:1811.
- Zhang, N. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102:4536.
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