CpG oligodeoxynucleotides

Unmethylated deoxycytosine-deoxyguanosine (CpG) dinucleotides are more frequently present in bacterial and viral DNA than in mammalian DNA1. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic forms of oligonucleotides, which contains unmethylated CpG motifs, and can induce cellular immune responses through the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)2,3. There are three types (types A, B and C) of CpG ODNs, each of which acts differentially on stimulation of immune cells3-5. Type A CpG ODNs consist of a phosphodiester central CpG-containing palindromic motif and a phosphorothioate poly-G string at 3'-end. Type A CpG ODNs are high inducers for IFNa production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) but are low inducers for TLR9-dependent NF-kB induction. Type B CpG ODNs consist of a full phosphorothioate backbone with one or more CpG motifs. They are relatively higher inducers for TLR9-dependent NF-kB induction, strongly activating B cells, but are low inducers for IFNa production in pDCs. Type C CpG ODNs contain both features of Types A and B, which consist of a full phosphorothioate backbone and a CpG-containing palindromic motif. Type C CpG ODNs can induce high IFNa production in pDCs as well as B cell activation.

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Publication using NBP2-26238	Applications	Species
Gillaux C, Mehats C, Vaiman D et al. Functional screening of TLRs in human amniotic epithelial cells. J Immunol. 2011-09-01 [PMID: 21775685] Details: TLR ligands: TLR1/2 (IMG-2201), TLR3 (IMG-2203), TLR4 (IMG-2204), TLR5 (IMG-2205), TLR6/2 (IMG-2206), TLR7 (IMG-2207), TLR9 (IMG-2209Hpt). The effects of ligand stimulation was measured by various readout assays, refer to the figures for details (Figs 2-8, S1).

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