Hypercholesterolemia (also known as high cholesterol) occurs when abnormally high levels of certain types of cholesterol are in the blood (>5.2 mmol/L). This increase of cholesterol can cause plaque buildup in the artery walls, inevitably causing damage to organs and tissues when blood flow is restricted. Borderline hypercholesterolemia is defined when levels are between 200-239 mg/dL. Hypercholesterolemia is significantly correlated with increased incidence and risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke. Risk is increased with smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and poor exercise in combination with a poor diet. Primary hypercholesterolemia (PHC) is an inherited form of hypercholesterolemia. includes primary hypobetalipoproteinanemia (PHBL). PHBL is known by low plasma levels, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low levels of apolipoprotein B. Individuals with primary hypercholesterolemia commonly have fatty nodules under the skin that are characterized by a yellowish color, known as xanthomas. These xanthomas may lead to a precursor of heart disease, a condition known as angina. Treatments for primary hypercholesterolemia focus on diet and lifestyle changes to improve quality of life as well as focus on reducing the accumulation of fatty deposits.
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