Sulfatases catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate esters such as glycosaminoglycans, sulfolipids, and steroid sulfates. C-alpha-formylglycine (FGly), the catalytic residue in the active site of eukaryotic sulfatases, is posttranslationally generated from a cysteine by SUMF1, the FGly-generating enzyme (FGE), in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The genetic defect of FGly formation caused by mutations in the SUMF1 gene results in multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD; MIM 272200), a lysosomal storage disorder (Roeser et al., 2006 [PubMed 16368756]).[supplied by OMIM]