ERK1/2 Products

Description

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2), also called p44 and p42 MAP kinases, are members of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family of proteins found in all eukaryotes. Because the 44 kDa ERK1 and the 42 kDa ERK2 are highly homologous and both function in the same protein kinase cascade, the two proteins are often referred to collectively as ERK1/2 or p44/p42 MAP kinase (1). They are both located in the cytosol and mitochondria (2). While the role of cytosol ERK1/2 is well studied and involved in multiple cellular functions (2), the role of mitochondrial ERK1/2 remains poorly understood. Both ERK 1 and 2 are activated by MEK1 or MEK2, by dual phosphorylation of a threonine and tyrosine residue in the activation loop (TEY motif) (1, 3). Either phosphorylation alone can induce an electrophoretic mobility shift, but both are required for activation of the kinase. This dual phosphorylation is efficiently detected by phosphorylation state-specific antibody directed to the pTEpY motif. Once activated, MAP kinases phosphorylate a broad spectrum of substrates, including cytoskeletal proteins, translation regulators, transcription factors, and the Rsk family of protein kinases (4). ERK1/2 activation is generally thought to confer a survival advantage to cells (5); however there is increasing evidence that suggests that the activation of ERK1/2 also contributes to cell death under certain conditions (5). ERK1/2 also is activated in neuronal and renal epithelial cells upon exposure to oxidative stress and toxicants or deprivation of growth factors, and inhibition of the ERK pathway blocks apoptosis (5).

Bioinformatics

Entrez	26417 Mouse 50689 Rat 5595 Human 9451 Human
Uniprot	NM_002746.2 Human P21708 Rat P27361 Human
Product By Gene ID	5595
Alternate Names	EC 2.7.11 ERK-1 ERK1p44-MAPK ERT2 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 extracellular signal-related kinase 1 HS44KDAP HUMKER1A Insulin-stimulated MAP2 kinase MAP kinase 1 MAP kinase 3 MAP kinase isoform p44 MAPK 1 MAPK 3 MGC20180 Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 p44erk1 P44ERK1 p44-ERK1 P44MAPK p44mapk PRKM3EC 2.7.11.24

Research Areas for ERK1/2

Find related products by research area and learn more about each of the different research areas below.

Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Breast Cancer
Cancer
Caspases
Cell Cycle and Replication
Diabetes Research
Hypoxia
MAP Kinase Signaling
mTOR Pathway
Phospho-Specific
Protein Kinase
Signal Transduction

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SUCNR1/GPR91 - a potential role in renovascular hypertension SUCNR1 is the cognate receptor for the Kreb's citric acid cycle intermediate succinate. It is of interest to scientists because it is involved in not only energy metabolism but possibly also in renovascular hypertension, a condition linked to diabe...    Read more.

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