Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for controlling many aspects of cellular processes, as well as aspects of human health and diseases. Compared with phosphoserine and phosphothreonine, phosphotyrosine signaling is more tightly regulated, but often more challenging to characterize, due to significantly lower levels of tyrosine phosphorylation (1). While phosphorylation in general is fairly common, tyrosine phosphorylation is very rare. However, tyrosine phosphorylated proteins are very easy to purify, and therefore the few tyrosine phosphorylation sites on proteins are well-understood (2). Tyrosine kinase pathways are critical to proper cell growth, metabolic regulation, and normal differentiation which are in turn controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation while aberrant phospho-tyrosine signaling causes a breakdown in the normal regulation of cellular processes leading to several human diseases (3). The cell-signaling pathways driving cell proliferation and survival have been relatively difficult to investigate, in part due to the complexity of the pathways as well as low cellular levels of tyrosine phosphorylation. Proteomic approaches have revealed small peptides containing phospho-tyrosine residues using phospho-tyrosine-specific antibodies and by mass spectrometry demonstrating activated signaling networks in several diseased states (4). Novus Biologicals offers a wide variety of tools in the form of cell lysates, RNAi and phospho-tyrosine specific antibodies for your research needs.
Novus offers a variety of Phosphotyrosine Antibodies.
