The main function of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family was originally thought to be restricted to degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. However, studies with their antibodies have identified several other functions. We at Novus Biologicals have an extensive range of MMP antibodies for research.
The MMP family is divided into two subgroups: soluble MMPs, and membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs). Studies using transmembrane MMP antibodies have shown a pivotal role in tumourigenesis, with expression raised in many types of cancer.
Work with MMP2 antibodies identified the enzyme as a possible early tumour marker. MT1-MMP (also called MMP-14) activates MMP2; antibody experiments have suggested this interaction may be involved in tumour invasion. Elevated expression of MT1-MMP has been strongly linked to tumour cell growth, differentiation and migration, leading to metastasis. Importantly, it has a crucial role in tumour angiogenesis.
In 2009, L.Devy et al. reported that inhibition of MT1-MMP by selective antibodies blocked metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor progression, suggesting the protein has therapeutic potential as a target for Vascular Disrupting Agents (VDAs). VDAs work by disrupting angiogenesis, starving the tumour of nutrients and oxygen.
A number of VDAs are based on colchicine, a natural toxin derived from the Autumn Crocus. These target the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, inducing vasculature changes and eventual tumor necrosis. However, they have systemic cardiotoxic effects in healthy tissue, compromising their therapeutic value.
Recently, a team from Bradford University developed [PMID: 20663911] a novel colchicine-based agent, ICT2588, which is selectively metabolised to an active VDA (ICT2552) within tumours, with negligible levels in normal tissues. A number of MMP antibodies were used, including the MT1-MMP and MMP2 antibody. The results showed ICT2588 to be non-toxic until specifically activated in MT1-MMP–dependent angiogenic tumor neovasculature.
Novus Biologicals offers MMP reagents for your research needs including:
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