The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) protein is a surface, type I membrane-embedded glycoprotein that is found on a wide range of cells: T-lymphocytes, B-cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and developmentally-dependent regions specific to the brain. It interacts with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II anti-genes, serves as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor, and can initiate/augment early phase T-cell activation. In immune-mediated and central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases, CD4 indirectly mediates neuronal damage. There exists three identified CD4 splice variants, each encoding a different CD4 isoform: one with a predicted transmembrane (TM) region and two with predicted signal peptides.
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CD4 Antibody
Yasuda's group used the CD4 antibody to demonstrate that a concerted, combined blockade of both VEGFR2 and PDL in murine adenocarcinomas was synergistic and highly anti-tumorigenic1. The same group more recently published additional follow-up studies with the CD4 antibody demonstrating similar findings in a Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) system where they examined human esophageal cancers2. Hwang et al employed the CD4 antibody to determine the role of the natural compound acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG) in autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS)3. Immunohistochemistry with the CD4 antibody was used in studies from a Chinese laboratory, where Notch1-dependent signaling and mechanisms were mapped and characterized in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)4. The CD4 antibody was also used to monitor the effects of programmed freeze-thaw cycles on cryopreserved tissues5. The findings from that study provide support for utility of such a cycling method as a means of reducing immunogenicity and therefore decreasing allograft immune rejection.
Novus Biologicals offers CD4 reagents for your research needs including:
PMIDs
1: 23600839, 2: 24249528, 3: 21524666, 4: 24358274, 5: 22127304
