CD33 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) family. These are immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing molecules capable of recruiting the tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 to signal assemblies. ITIMs are also used for the ubiquitin-mediated removal of the receptor from cell surfaces. CD33 is expressed on cells of myelomonocytic lineage. It binds sialic acid residues of N- and O-glycans on cell surfaces, and is a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The Siglec family plays a key role in immmunoregulation to minimize undesired tissue damage due to excessive immune and inflammatory responses.
The body of evidence for the functional role of siglecs in the immune response is critically reviewed and evaluated by Crocket et al (1). Additionally, the involvement of CD33 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is discussed in another review by Jiang’s group (2). Recent genetic data links CD33 to AD and these authors share recent insights as well as epidemiological findings. With regards to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and targeted ALL therapies, a review has been written by Holezer (3). In his review, he surveys the specific cell surface antigens expressed by Blast cells in ALL that have monoclonal and bispecific antibody counterparts CD19, CD30, CD22, CD33 and CD52. There is a great potential for such therapies in combination with chemotherapy or alone as a monotherapy.
Novus Biologicals offers CD33 reagents for your research needs including:
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