Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cell death which involves a cascade of biochemical events leading to specific cell morphology characteristics and ultimately death of cells.
Caspases play crucial roles in modulating cellular signaling pathways involved in apoptosis and inflammation (1). Typically, caspase proteins consist of a prodomain, and large and small domains that are cleaved on activation. One class of prodomain is called caspase recruitment domain (CARD), common in caspase-1, -2, -4, -5, -9, -11, and -12, and some caspase-associated adapter proteins. The CARD–CARD interactions have also been known to participate in NF-kB signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immune responses including apoptosis (2). ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) or TMS 1 (target of methylation-induced silencing) ASC/TMS1 is a bipartite protein comprising two protein-protein interaction domains, a pyrin domain (PYD) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD).
![Immunohistochemistry: ASC/TMS1 Antibody [NBP1-78977]](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize2/ASC-TMS1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NBP1-78977-img0004.jpg "Immunohistochemistry: ASC/TMS1 Antibody [NBP1-78977]")
Proteins containing these domains play pivotal roles in regulating apoptosis and immune response pathways. Mutations in a number of PYD- and CARD-containing proteins have been linked to autoinflammatory diseases and cancer. Indeed, one of the ways in which ASC/TMS1 was identified was as a target of methylation-mediated silencing in breast cancer cells. ASC/TMS1 has been reported to functionally influence apoptosis, activation of inflammatory caspases and regulation of NF-kappa B (3). Novus Biologicals provides a variety of antibodies to ASC/TMS1 (NBP1-78977), CARD12 (NBP1-78979 & NBP1-78980) and NFKB p65 (NBP1-96138 & NBP1-96139), as well as proteins, peptides and RNAi to investigate the apoptotic pathways.
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