Calreticulin is a Calcium binding chaperone that has multiple functions both inside and outside the endoplasmic reticulum. Calreticulin is involved in the quality control of newly synthesized proteins and glycoproteins, interacting with various other ER chaperones, specifically Calnexin. Calreticulin also plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular Calcium homeostasis, associating calreticulin with a wide variety of signaling processes. The role of calreticulin outside of the ER is extensive, which includes wound healing and immunity (1).
Several studies, predominantly using cellular heterokaryon fusion assays, implicated calreticulin as a nuclear export factor for the steroid hormone receptors (2), however a reduction in the levels or loss of calreticulin by knockdown experiments and subsequent detection by calreticulin antibodies in Western blots demonstrated that calreticulin did not affect the localization of hormone receptors in several cells lines (3). Transient overexpression of calreticulin cDNA in invasive human rhabdomyosarcoma cells has been shown to significantly increase secretion of pro-MMP2, demonstrating that calreticulin is directly involved in MMP-2 secretion and activation (4), additionally calreticulin has also been shown to be an essential modulator both of integrin adhesive functions and integrin-initiated signaling (5). Emerging data on the cell biology of calreticulin reveals that the ER membrane is a very dynamic intracellular compartment affecting many aspects of cell physiology and needs to be further investigated. Novus Biologicals offers a wide variety of tools for your research needs in the form of antibodies, cell lysates and siRNA reagents against Calreticulin and related proteins.
Novus Biologicals offers Calreticulin reagents for your research needs including:
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