Recombinant Rat Agrin Protein

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Agrin is a 400‑600 kDa heparan sulfate proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix. The N‑terminal half of rat Agrin, which mediates ECM interactions, contains nine Kazal-type protease inhibitor domains, two Laminin EGF-like domains, and one SEA domain. The C-terminal half contains four EGF-like repeats and three Laminin globular G domains. Human Agrin also contains a Laminin‑binding N-terminal Agrin domain (NtA), and mouse and chick Agrin include the NtA domain only by the use of an alternate promoter. Additional isoforms are generated by alternate splicing at sites Y and Z in the C-terminal half of rat Agrin (known as A and B, respectively in chick). Agrin isoforms that contain an insert at site Z (Z+ forms) are known as neural Agrin and are selectively produced by motoneurons. Other isoforms are known as muscle Agrin and are additionally expressed in non-neuronal tissues, particularly in basement membranes of the lung and kidney (1-3). This recombinant protein consists of the C-terminal half of rat Agrin and contains a nine amino acid (aa) insert at the Z site. It shares 59%, 80%, and 94% aa sequence identity with comparable regions of chick, human, and mouse Agrin, respectively. The C-terminal half of Z- and Z+ Agrin binds to alpha -Dystroglycan and mediates adhesion between motoneurons and myotubes at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) (4-6). In contrast, only Z+ Agrin is effective at inducing clustering of the postsynaptic Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) and presynaptic motoneuron differentiation (7, 8). Agrin‑induced AChR clustering requires a myotube receptor complex that contains alpha -Dystroglycan, MuSK, and LRP4 (4, 9-11). Agrin exhibits many functions in addition to NMJ development. It is enriched in senile Alzheimer’s disease plaques where it binds the A beta (1-40) peptide and promotes amyloid fibril formation (12). It regulates neuronal excitability by binding and inhibiting the alpha 3 subunit of the neuronal Na/K ATPase (13). It functions as an epithelial cell attachment receptor for HIV-1 through interactions with the gp41 coat protein (14). During T cell activation, Agrin contributes to formation of the immunological synapse and regulates the threshold of T cell activation (15).

We have publications tested in 5 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat, N/A, Xenopus.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: Bioassay, Cell Culture, Differentiation, In Vivo.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 27. Show All 27 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using 550-AG	Applications	Species
Masingue, M;Cattaneo, O;Wolff, N;Buon, C;Sternberg, D;Euchparmakian, M;Boex, M;Behin, A;Mamchaouhi, K;Maisonobe, T;Nougues, MC;Isapof, A;Fontaine, B;Messéant, J;Eymard, B;Strochlic, L;Bauché, S; New mutation in the ?1 propeller domain of LRP4 responsible for congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with Cenani-Lenz syndrome Scientific reports 2023-08-28 [PMID: 37640745] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Burmeister, M;Fraunenstein, A;Kahms, M;Arends, L;Gerwien, H;Deshpande, T;Kuhlmann, T;Gross, CC;Naik, VN;Wiendl, H;Klingauf, J;Meissner, F;Sorokin, L; Secretomics reveals gelatinase substrates at the blood-brain barrier that are implicated in astroglial barrier function Science advances 2023-07-21 [PMID: 37467333] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Uyen Dao, TM;Barbeau, S;Messéant, J;Della-Gaspera, B;Bouceba, T;Semprez, F;Legay, C;Dobbertin, A; The collagen ColQ binds to LRP4 and regulates the activation of the Muscle-Specific Kinase/LRP4 receptor complex by agrin at the neuromuscular junction The Journal of biological chemistry 2023-06-23 [PMID: 37356721] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Kwan, HR;Chan, ZC;Bi, X;Kutkowska, J;Prószy?ski, TJ;Chan, CB;Lee, CW; Nerve-independent formation of membrane infoldings at topologically complex postsynaptic apparatus by caveolin-3 Science advances 2023-06-16 [PMID: 37327338] (Bioassay, N/A)	Bioassay	N/A
Lim, JL;Augustinus, R;Plomp, JJ;Roya-Kouchaki, K;Vergoossen, DLE;Filli�-Grijpma, Y;Struijk, J;Thomas, R;Salvatori, D;Steyaert, C;Blanchetot, C;Vanhauwaert, R;Silence, K;van der Maarel, SM;Verschuuren, JJ;Huijbers, MG; Development and characterization of agonistic antibodies targeting the Ig-like 1 domain of MuSK Scientific reports 2023-05-08 [PMID: 37156800] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
K Gros, U Matkovi?, G Parato, K Miš, E Luin, A Bernareggi, M Sciancalep, T Marš, P Lorenzon, S Pirkmajer Neuronal Agrin Promotes Proliferation of Primary Human Myoblasts in an Age-Dependent Manner International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-04;23(19):. 2022-10-04 [PMID: 36233091] (Cell Culture, Human)	Cell Culture	Human
I Klockner, C Schutt, T Gerhardt, T Boettger, T Braun Control of CRK-RAC1 activity by the miR-1/206/133 miRNA family is essential for neuromuscular junction function Nature Communications, 2022-06-08;13(1):3180. 2022-06-08 [PMID: 35676269] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
OA Shipton, CS Tang, O Paulsen, M Vargas-Cab Differential vulnerability of hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses to Abeta Acta neuropathologica communications, 2022-04-04;10(1):45. 2022-04-04 [PMID: 35379353] (Differentiation, Differentiation, Human)	Differentiation, Differentiation	Human
T Yamamotoya, S Hasei, Y Akasaka, Y Ohata, Y Nakatsu, M Kanna, M Fujishiro, H Sakoda, H Ono, A Kushiyama, H Misawa, T Asano Involvement of neuronal and muscular Trk-fused gene (TFG) defects in the development of neurodegenerative diseases Scientific Reports, 2022-02-04;12(1):1966. 2022-02-04 [PMID: 35121777] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
C Pinto, V Pérez, J Mella, M Albistur, T Caprile, FC Bronfman, JP Henríquez Transport and Secretion of the Wnt3 Ligand by Motor Neuron-like Cells and Developing Motor Neurons Biomolecules, 2021-12-17;11(12):. 2021-12-17 [PMID: 34944540] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
J Oury, W Zhang, N Leloup, A Koide, AD Corrado, G Ketavarapu, T Hattori, S Koide, SJ Burden Mechanism of disease and therapeutic rescue of Dok7 congenital myasthenia Nature, 2021-06-23;0(0):. 2021-06-23 [PMID: 34163073] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
D Proietti, L Giordani, M De Bardi, C D'Ercole, B Lozanoska-, S Amadio, C Volontè, S Marinelli, A Muchir, M Bouchè, G Borsellino, A Sacco, PL Puri, L Madaro Activation of skeletal muscle-resident glial cells upon nerve injury JCI Insight, 2021-04-08;0(0):. 2021-04-08 [PMID: 33661767] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
MJ Oentaryo, AC Tse, CW Lee Neuronal MT1-MMP mediates ECM clearance and Lrp4 cleavage for agrin deposition and signaling in presynaptic development J. Cell. Sci., 2020-08-05;0(0):. 2020-08-05 [PMID: 32591486] (Bioassay, Xenopus)	Bioassay	Xenopus
PJ Chen, D Zelada, DC Belhasan, M Akaaboune Phosphorylation of alpha-dystrobrevin is essential for alphakap accumulation and acetylcholine receptor stability J. Biol. Chem., 2020-06-12;0(0):. 2020-06-12 [PMID: 32532815] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
G Xing, H Jing, L Zhang, Y Cao, L Li, K Zhao, Z Dong, W Chen, H Wang, R Cao, WC Xiong, L Mei A mechanism in Agrin signaling revealed by a prevalent Rapsyn mutation in congenital myasthenic syndrome Elife, 2019-09-24;8(0):. 2019-09-24 [PMID: 31549961] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
K Njah, S Chakrabort, B Qiu, S Arumugam, A Raju, AV Pobbati, M Lakshmanan, V Tergaonkar, G Thibault, X Wang, W Hong A Role of Agrin in Maintaining the Stability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 during Tumor Angiogenesis Cell Rep, 2019-07-23;28(4):949-965.e7. 2019-07-23 [PMID: 31340156] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Human, Mouse)	Bioassay, In Vivo	Human, Mouse
K Takata, P Stathopoul, M Cao, M Mané-Damas, ML Fichtner, ES Benotti, L Jacobson, P Waters, SR Irani, P Martinez-M, D Beeson, M Losen, A Vincent, RJ Nowak, KC O'Connor Characterization of pathogenic monoclonal autoantibodies derived from muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis patients JCI Insight, 2019-06-20;4(12):. 2019-06-20 [PMID: 31217355] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
J Blondelle, K Tallapaka, JT Seto, M Ghassemian, M Clark, JM Laitila, A Bournazos, JD Singer, S Lange Cullin-3 dependent deregulation of ACTN1 represents a new pathogenic mechanism in nemaline myopathy JCI Insight, 2019-04-16;5(0):. 2019-04-16 [PMID: 30990797] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
SM Maffiolett, S Sarcar, ABH Henderson, I Mannhardt, L Pinton, LA Moyle, H Steele-Sta, O Cappellari, KE Wells, G Ferrari, JS Mitchell, GE Tyzack, VN Kotiadis, M Khedr, M Ragazzi, W Wang, MR Duchen, R Patani, PS Zammit, DJ Wells, T Eschenhage, FS Tedesco Three-Dimensional Human iPSC-Derived Artificial Skeletal Muscles Model Muscular Dystrophies and Enable Multilineage Tissue Engineering Cell Rep, 2018-04-17;23(3):899-908. 2018-04-17 [PMID: 29669293] (Bioassay)	Bioassay
K Ito, B Ohkawara, H Yagi, H Nakashima, M Tsushima, K Ota, H Konishi, A Masuda, S Imagama, H Kiyama, N Ishiguro, K Ohno Lack of Fgf18 causes abnormal clustering of motor nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction with reduced acetylcholine receptor clusters Sci Rep, 2018-01-11;8(1):434. 2018-01-11 [PMID: 29323161] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
J Blondelle, P Shapiro, AA Domenighet, S Lange Cullin E3 ligase activity is required for myoblast differentiation J. Mol. Biol, 2017-02-24;0(0):. 2017-02-24 [PMID: 28238764] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Hiroaki Nakashima R-spondin 2 promotes acetylcholine receptor clustering at the neuromuscular junction via Lgr5 Sci Rep, 2016-06-22;6(0):28512. 2016-06-22 [PMID: 27328992] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Chen , Yuewen, Ip , Fanny C, Shi , Lei, Zhang , Zhe, Tang , Huibin, Ng , Yu Pong, Ye , Wen-Cai, Fu , Amy K Y, Ip , Nancy Y Coronin 6 regulates acetylcholine receptor clustering through modulating receptor anchorage to actin cytoskeleton. J Neurosci, 2014-02-12;34(7):2413-21. 2014-02-12 [PMID: 24523531] (Bioassay, Rat)	Bioassay	Rat
Ohkawara B, Cabrera-Serrano M, Nakata T, Milone M, Asai N, Ito K, Ito M, Masuda A, Ito Y, Engel A, Ohno K LRP4 third beta-propeller domain mutations cause novel congenital myasthenia by compromising agrin-mediated MuSK signaling in a position-specific manner. Hum Mol Genet, 2013-11-13;23(7):1856-68. 2013-11-13 [PMID: 24234652] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Choi H, Liu Y, Tennert C, Sugiura Y, Karakatsani A, Kroger S, Johnson E, Hammer R, Lin W, Herz J APP interacts with LRP4 and agrin to coordinate the development of the neuromuscular junction in mice. Elife, 2013-08-20;2(0):e00220. 2013-08-20 [PMID: 23986861] (Bioassay)	Bioassay
Xu X, Fu AK, Ip FC, Wu CP, Duan S, Poo MM, Yuan XB, Ip NY Agrin regulates growth cone turning of Xenopus spinal motoneurons. Development, 2005-09-01;132(19):4309-16. 2005-09-01 [PMID: 16141222] (Bioassay, Xenopus)	Bioassay	Xenopus
Finn AJ, Feng G, Pendergast AM Postsynaptic requirement for Abl kinases in assembly of the neuromuscular junction. Nat. Neurosci., 2003-07-01;6(7):717-23. 2003-07-01 [PMID: 12796783] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Show All 27 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array 550-AG

• Agrin Antibodies
• Agrin ELISA Kits
• Agrin Protein
• Agrin Proteins and Enzymes