Recombinant Human Agrin Protein, CF

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Agrin is a 400‑600 kDa heparan sulfate proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix. The N-terminal half of human Agrin, which mediates ECM interactions, contains a Laminin-binding NtA domain, nine Kazal-type protease inhibitor domains, two Laminin EGF-like domains, and one SEA domain. The C‑terminal half contains four EGF-like repeats and three Laminin globular G domains. Rat Agrin lacks the NtA domain, and mouse and chick Agrin include the NtA domain only by the use of an alternate promoter. Additional isoforms are generated by alternate splicing at sites Y and Z in the C‑terminal half of rat Agrin (known as A and B, respectively in chick). Agrin isoforms that contain an insert at site Z (Z+ forms) are known as neural Agrin and are selectively produced by motoneurons. Other isoforms are known as muscle Agrin and are additionally expressed in non-neuronal tissues, particularly in basement membranes of the lung and kidney (1-3). This recombinant protein consists of the C‑terminal half of human Agrin corresponding to the Z- isoform of rat Agrin. It shares 60%, 78%, and 80% amino acid sequence identity with comparable regions of chick, mouse, and rat Agrin, respectively. The C‑terminal half of Z- and Z+ Agrin binds to alpha ‑Dystroglycan and mediates adhesion between motoneurons and myotubes at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) (4-6). In contrast, only Z+ Agrin is effective at inducing clustering of the postsynaptic Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) and presynaptic motoneuron differentiation (7, 8). Agrin-induced AChR clustering requires a myotube receptor complex that contains alpha ‑Dystroglycan, MuSK, and LRP4 (4, 9-11). Agrin exhibits many functions in addition to NMJ development. It is enriched in senile Alzheimer's disease plaques where it binds the A beta (1‑40) peptide and promotes amyloid fibril formation (12). It regulates neuronal excitability by binding and inhibiting the alpha 3 subunit of the neuronal Na/K ATPase (13). It functions as an epithelial cell attachment receptor for HIV-1 through interactions with the gp41 coat protein (14). During T cell activation, Agrin contributes to formation of the immunological synapse and regulates the threshold of T cell activation (15).

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Chicken.

We have publications tested in 2 applications: Bioassay, Cell Culture.

Showing Publications 1 - 8 of 8.

Publications using 6624-AG	Applications	Species
Y Yamashita, S Nakada, K Nakamura, H Sakurai, K Ohno, T Goto, Y Mabuchi, C Akazawa, N Hattori, E Arikawa-Hi Evaluation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Patient with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome Revealed Distinct Hyperexcitability in the Skeletal Muscles Biomedicines, 2023-03-07;11(3):. 2023-03-07 [PMID: 36979792] (Cell Culture, Human, Mouse)	Cell Culture	Human, Mouse
K Stoklund D, L Terrie, P Baatsen, A Kerstens, L De Swert, R Janky, N Corthout, P Masrori, P Van Damme, P Hyttel, M Meyer, L Thorrez, K Freude, L Van Den Bo FUS-ALS hiPSC-derived astrocytes impair human motor units through both gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support mechanisms Molecular Neurodegeneration, 2023-01-18;18(1):5. 2023-01-18 [PMID: 36653804] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
M Pandya, G Gopinathan, C Tillberg, J Wang, X Luan, TGH Diekwisch The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ Are Essential for Mineralized Tissue Homeostasis in the Alveolar Bone/Periodontal Complex Journal of developmental biology, 2022-03-01;10(1):. 2022-03-01 [PMID: 35323233] (Cell Culture, Human)	Cell Culture	Human
K Stoklund D, EN Krasnow, L Fumagalli, T Vandoorne, P Baatsen, A Kerstens, G Giacomazzi, B Pavie, E Rossaert, J Beckers, M Sampaolesi, P Van Damme, L Van Den Bo Human motor units in microfluidic devices are impaired by FUS mutations and improved by HDAC6 inhibition Stem Cell Reports, 2021-04-22;0(0):. 2021-04-22 [PMID: 33891869] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
CY Lin, M Yoshida, LT Li, A Ikenaka, S Oshima, K Nakagawa, H Sakurai, E Matsui, T Nakahata, MK Saito iPSC-derived functional human neuromuscular junctions model the pathophysiology of neuromuscular diseases JCI Insight, 2019-09-19;4(18):. 2019-09-19 [PMID: 31534050] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
N Nagy, C Barad, R Hotta, S Bhave, E Arciero, D Dora, AM Goldstein Collagen 18 and agrin are secreted by enteric neural crest cells to remodel their microenvironment and regulate their migration during ENS development Development, 2018-05-08;0(0):. 2018-05-08 [PMID: 29678817] (Bioassay, Chicken)	Bioassay	Chicken
ME Katt, RM Linville, LN Mayo, ZS Xu, PC Searson Functional brain-specific microvessels from iPSC-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells: the role of matrix composition on monolayer formation Fluids Barriers CNS, 2018-02-20;15(1):7. 2018-02-20 [PMID: 29463314] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
The Different Binding Properties of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Subpopulations to Descemet's Membrane Components Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016-09-01;57(11):4599-605. 2016-09-01 [PMID: 27598865] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
	4 reviewed by: Patricia Carulla Martí	In vitro bioactivity in cell culture		05/30/2024	View Summary Application In vitro bioactivity in cell culture Lot SGX0621121

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