EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody - BSA Free

PHD2 (Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-containing protein 2) belongs to the Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) family of proteins and is encoded by the Egl-9 Family Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (EGLN1) gene (1). Human EGLN1/PHD2 is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is 426 amino acids (aa) long with a theoretical molecular weight of ~46 kDa. Structurally PHD2 contains a nuclear export signal (NES, aa 6-20), an N-terminal MYND zinc finger domain (aa 21-58), and a C-terminal catalytic domain (aa 291-392) (2, 3). Functionally, PHD2 serves as an oxygen sensor and is responsible for post-translational modification of Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1alpha), a component of a transcriptional complex involved in oxygen homeostasis (1-3). During normoxia, PHD2 is responsible for oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha proline residue 402, 564, or both (3). The hydroxylation event promotes the binding of von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) and targets HIF1-alpha for ubiquitination and degradation (4, 5).

EGLN1/PHD2 has been implicated in several critical processes including erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism as well as various pathologies such as cancer (2, 5, 6). Studies in mice have found that somatic deletion of PHD2 resulted in higher vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels, increased blood vessel formation, and more erythropoietin (EPO), leading to severe polycythemia or erythrocytosis (high red blood cell (RBC) volume) (6). Another study revealed that specific point mutations in EGLN1/PHD2 led to elevated EPO and RBC mass associated with hemorrhages and strokes (6). Accordingly, given the known role of PHD2 in inhibition of EPO production, PHD2 inhibitors are being studied as a potential therapeutic for anemia (6). Additionally, dysregulation in EGLN1, and specifically the PHD2-VHL-HIF-1alpha pathway, has been associated with the development of pheochromocytomas (PCC) and sympathetic paragangliomas (PGL), which are rare neuroendocrine tumors (2). Besides pathological features, EGLN1/PHD2 may also be important for high altitude adaptation as two coding sequence variants in PHD2 are prevalent in the Tibetan population but is very rare in people at lower altitudes (2).

Alternate names for EGLN1/PHD2 include HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase 2, PH2, Prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2, HIF2PH2, HIF-Prolyl hydroxylase 2, egl nine homolog 1, and C1orf12.

References

1. Amorim-Pires, D., Peixoto, J., & Lima, J. (2016). Hypoxia Pathway Mutations in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas. Cytogenetic and genome research. https://doi.org/10.1159/000457479

2. Gardie, B., Percy, M. J., Hoogewijs, D., Chowdhury, R., Bento, C., Arsenault, P. R., Richard, S., Almeida, H., Ewing, J., Lambert, F., McMullin, M. F., Schofield, C. J., & Lee, F. S. (2014). The role of PHD2 mutations in the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis. Hypoxia (Auckland, N.Z.). https://doi.org/10.2147/HP.S54455

3. Minervini, G., Quaglia, F., & Tosatto, S. C. (2015). Insights into the proline hydroxylase (PHD) family, molecular evolution and its impact on human health. Biochimie. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.009

4. Semenza G. L. (2007). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway. Science's STKE : signal transduction knowledge environment. https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.4072007cm8

5. Chan, D. A., & Giaccia, A. J. (2010). PHD2 in tumour angiogenesis. British journal of cancer. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605682

6. Meneses, A. M., & Wielockx, B. (2016). PHD2: from hypoxia regulation to disease progression. Hypoxia (Auckland, N.Z.). https://doi.org/10.2147/HP.S53576

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: IF/IHC, IHC-P, IP, KO, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 42. Show All 42 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB100-2219	Applications	Species
Zhang, Y;Pan, YD;Zheng, WY;Li, HY;Zhu, MZ;Ou Yang, WJ;Qian, Y;Turecki, G;Mechawar, N;Zhu, XH; Enhancing HIF-1?-P2X2 signaling in dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons promotes psychological resilience Redox biology 2023-12-21 [PMID: 38150991]
Noonan ML, Ni P, Solis E et al. Osteocyte Egln1/Phd2 links oxygen sensing and biomineralization via FGF23 Bone Research 2023-01-18 [PMID: 36650133] (WB)	WB
Sun L, Wu C, Ming J et al. EGLN1 induces tumorigenesis and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting ubiquitination of p53 in a hydroxylase-dependent manner Journal of Cancer 2022-04-08 [PMID: 35517429] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Elamaa H, Kaakinen M, NAtynki M et al. PHD2 deletion in endothelial or arterial smooth muscle cells reveals vascular cell type-specific responses in pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis Angiogenesis 2022-01-08 [PMID: 34997404] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
ROning T, Magga J, Laitakari A et al. Activation of the hypoxia response pathway protects against age-induced cardiac hypertrophy Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2021-12-14 [PMID: 34919895] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Ju S, Lim L, Wi K et al. LRP5 Regulates HIF-1 alpha Stability via Interaction with PHD2 in Ischemic Myocardium International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021-06-19 [PMID: 34205318] (IP, Rat)	IP	Rat
van Kuijk K, Demandt JAF, Perales-PatOn J et al. DEFICIENCY OF MYELOID PHD PROTEINS AGGRAVATES ATHEROGENESIS VIA MACROPHAGE APOPTOSIS AND PARACRINE FIBROTIC SIGNALING: Atherogenic effects of myeloid PHD knockdown Cardiovascular research 2021-04-26 [PMID: 33913468] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Megan E. Vaughan, Martina Wallace, Michal K. Handzlik, Alanna B. Chan, Christian M. Metallo, Katja A. Lamia Cryptochromes Suppress HIF1 alpha in Muscles iScience 2020-07-03 [PMID: 32683313]
Anna Laitakari, Joona Tapio, Kari A. Mäkelä, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Franziska Dengler, Helena Gylling, Gail Walkinshaw, Johanna Myllyharju, Elitsa Y. Dimova, Raisa Serpi, Peppi Koivunen HIF-P4H-2 inhibition enhances intestinal fructose metabolism and induces thermogenesis protecting against NAFLD Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany) 2020-04-15 [PMID: 32296880]
Laitakari A, Huttunen R, Kuvaja P et al. Systemic long-term inactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 ameliorates aging-induced changes in mice without affecting their life span FASEB J. 2020-02-25 [PMID: 32100354] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Kim S, Jo CH, Kim GH Effects of empagliflozin on nondiabetic salt-sensitive hypertension in uninephrectomized rats Hypertens. Res. 2019-09-19 [PMID: 31537914] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Chowdhury D, Alrefai H, Landero Figueroa JA et al. Metallothionein 3 Controls the Phenotype and Metabolic Programming of Alternatively Activated Macrophages Cell Rep 2019-06-25 [PMID: 31242420] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Yamamoto A, Hester J, Macklin PS, et al. Systemic silencing of PHD2 causes reversible immune regulatory dysfunction J. Clin. Invest. 2019-06-04 [PMID: 31162141] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Haag D. Rolle der Siah-Ubiquitinligasen in der Entstehung der pulmonalen Hypertonie und daraus resultierenden rechtsventrikularen Hypertrophie. Einleitung. 2014-01-01 (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Nasyrov E, Nolan KA, Wenger RH et al. The neuronal oxygen-sensing pathway controls postnatal vascularization of the murine brain FASEB J. 2019-08-30 [PMID: 31469589]
Sim J, Cowburn AS, Palazon A et al. The Factor Inhibiting HIF Asparaginyl Hydroxylase Regulates Oxidative Metabolism and Accelerates Metabolic Adaptation to Hypoxia. Cell Metab. 2018-04-03 [PMID: 29617647] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Akat F, Ficicilar H, Durak A et al. Intermittent hypoxia induces beneficial cardiovascular remodeling in left ventricular function of type 1 diabetic rat. Anatol J Cardiol 2018-04-01 [PMID: 29615543] (Rat)		Rat
Flisinski M, Wisniewska-Chudy E, Brymora A et al. Chronic kidney disease leads to hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha to hypoxia inducible factor-2alpha switch in the gastrocnemius muscle J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2017-06-01 [PMID: 28820398] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Wang S, Zeng H, Chen ST et al. Ablation of endothelial prolyl hydroxylase domain protein-2 promotes renal vascular remodelling and fibrosis in mice. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2017-03-07 [PMID: 28266128] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Choi JE, Kim JH, Song NY et al. 15-Deoxy-delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 stabilizes hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha through induction of heme oxygenase-1 and direct modification of prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2. Free Radic. Res. 2016-09-06 [PMID: 27598034] (IP, Human)	IP	Human
Zeng H, He X, Tuo QH et al. LPS causes pericyte loss and microvascular dysfunction via disruption of Sirt3/angiopoietins/Tie-2 and HIF-2alpha/Notch3 pathways. Sci Rep. 2016-02-12 [PMID: 26868537] (WB, Human, Mouse)	WB	Human, Mouse
Karsikas S, Myllymaki M, Heikkila M et al. HIF-P4H-2 deficiency protects against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016-03-01 [PMID: 26452676]
Xie L, Pi X, Townley-Tilson WH et al. PHD2/3-dependent hydroxylation tunes cardiac response to beta-adrenergic stress via phospholamban. J Clin Invest 2015-07-01 [PMID: 26075818] (WB)	WB
Wu S, Zhang J, Huang C et al. Prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 silencing induced by hydrodynamic limb vein injection enhances vascular regeneration in critical limb ischemia mice through activation of multiple genes. Curr Gene Ther 2015-01-01 [PMID: 25832622] (Mouse)		Mouse
Hesse AR, Levent E, Zieseniss A et al. Lights on for HIF-1a: Genetically Enhanced Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Heart Tissue Imaging. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2014-07-30 [PMID: 25095893] (WB, Mouse) Details: HIF-1 alpha antibody used for WB on protein extracts of hypoxia exposed ODD-Luc-CMs/Cardiomyocytes derived from an embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines (ODD-Luc ESCs) that was generated from a Tg ROSA26 ODD-Luc/+ mouse (Figure 2D).	WB	Mouse
Zimmermann AS, Morrison SD, Hu MS et al. Epidermal or dermal specific knockout of PHD-2 enhances wound healing and minimizes ischemic injury. PLoS One 2014-04-02 [PMID: 24695462] (KO, Mouse)	KO	Mouse
Swain Lija, Wottawa Marieke, Hillemann Annette et al. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) is a critical terminator for cell survival of macrophages under stress conditions. J Leukoc Biol. 2014-03-13 [PMID: 24626957] (Mouse)		Mouse
An X, Xu G, Yang L et al. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions and their relationship with histological stages and clinical features. J Dermatol 2013-12-20 [PMID: 24354513] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Kim J, Kwak HJ, Cha JY et al. The role of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) during rosiglitazone-induced adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2013-12-12 [PMID: 24338020] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Palomaki S, Pietila M, Laitinen S et al. HIF-1alpha is upregulated in human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2013-09-01 [PMID: 23744828] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Pisarcik S, Maylor J, Lu W et al. Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Endothelin-1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013-02-15 [PMID: 23418090] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Kunze R, Zhou W, Veltkamp R et al. Neuron-specific prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 2 knockout reduces brain injury after transient cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2012-10-01 [PMID: 22933585] (Mouse)		Mouse
Kuzmanov A, Wielockx B, Rezaei M et al. Overexpression of factor inhibiting HIF-1 enhances vessel maturation and tumor growth via platelet-derived growth factor-C. International Journal of Cancer 2011-11-18 [PMID: 22095574]
Tandon R, SenGupta D, Ndhlovu LC et al. Identification of human endogenous retrovirus-specific T cell responses in vertically HIV-1-infected subjects. J Virol 2011-11-01 [PMID: 21880743] (WB)	WB
Rabie T, Kunze R, Marti HH. Impaired hypoxic response in senescent mouse brain. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2011-06-16 [PMID: 21704147]
Hoelscher M, Silter M, Krull S et al. Cardiomyocyte-specific Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 2 knock out protects from acute myocardial ischaemic injury. J Biol Chem. 2011-01-01 [PMID: 21270129]
Hyvarinen J, Hassinen IE, Sormunen R et al. Hearts of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 hypomorphic mice show protection against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 2010-04-30 [PMID: 20185832] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Lehmann S, Stiehl DP, Honer M et al. Longitudinal multimodal in vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia its downstream molecular events. PNAS;106(33):14004-14009. 2009-01-01 [PMID: 19666490]
Schodel J, Klanke B, Weidemann A et al. HIF-prolyl hydroxylases in the rat kidney: physiologic expression patterns and regulation in acute kidney injury. Am J Pathol 2009-05-01 [PMID: 19349364] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Wu S, Nishiyama N, Kano MR et al. Enhancement of angiogenesis through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by silencing prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 gene. Mol Ther 2008-07-01 [PMID: 18500250] (WB)	WB
Mikhaylova, O, Ignacak, M et al. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and Egl-9-Type proline hydroxylases regulate the large subunit of RNA polymerase II in response to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol;28(8):2701-17. 2008-04-01 [PMID: 18285459] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Kariuki TM, Van Dam GJ, Deelder AM et al. Previous or ongoing schistosome infections do not compromise the efficacy of the attenuated cercaria vaccine. Infect Immun 2006-07-01 [PMID: 16790771]
Show All 42 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	4 reviewed by: Verified Customer	WB	Mouse	02/16/2017	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested murine bone marrow derived macrophages Species Mouse
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Helder Andre	IF	Human	05/14/2015	View Summary Application Immunofluorescence Sample Tested ARPE-19 cells Species Human
	5 reviewed by: Verified Customer	WB	Mouse	01/18/2012	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested nuclear extract (brain), Sample Amount: 20ug Species Mouse

Array NB100-2219

• EGLN1/PHD2 Antibodies
• EGLN1/PHD2 Lysate
• EGLN1/PHD2 Proteins