Antibody News

MCT1 is a proton-linked transport carrier that catalyzes the movement of short chain monocarboxylates (branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine, and isoleucine) across both plasma and inner mitochondrial membranes. In particular, substances such as lactate, pyruvate, butyrate, and ketone bodies are shuttled; these play big roles in cell metabolism particularly in tissues and organs like the kidney, intestine, liver, and brain.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 Antibody [NBP1-59656] - IHC staining with Monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 antibody. Strong staining of lumen and crypt cells was observed with weaker cytoplasmic staining observed in the submucosa of mouse intestine.

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The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkB) is highly regulated by triggers such as stress, free-radicals, UV light, and hypoxia. NFkB is one of the fastest responding transcription factors in humans. The NFKB signaling pathway is essential for cancer progression because it governs many downstream molecules that control cellular growth and development. The effects of NFkB on angiogenic pathways and cell response mechanisms to stress and damage are well established in the literature. NFkB is normally silenced in the cytoplasm by association with its inhibitory protein IkB. Ligands such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other cytokines trigger phosphorylation of IkB by the IkB kinase (IKK) complex. This phosphorylation triggers IkB degradation, resulting in the release of the NF-kB dimers which are then free to translocate into the nucleus and activate downstream target genes. IkB alpha is one of six members of the IkB family.

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The D4-GDI protein is a negative regulator of the Ras-related Rho family of small molecule "molecular switch" GTPases. The Rho GTPases modify cell structure and architecture via rapid changes to the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane. Many of these physiological processes are associated with apoptotic cell death, thus the in vivo removal of D4-GDI inhibitory block is critical for proper induction and progression of apoptosis in cells. This removal of D4-GDI is effected by the caspase-3 protease, which cleaves the full length 28kD mature D4-GDI form into smaller 23kD and 5kD fragments. The 23kD fragment then translocates to the nucleus. Creighton University researchers used the D4-GDI antibody in their studies on human estrogen receptor-alpha (hER-alpha66) signaling in breast cancer models (1). They undertook this work in hopes of understanding estrogen and antiestrogen signaling...

Chemokines play a central role in inflammation and are crucial for recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection. The chemokine-dependent activation of leukocytes occurs through binding to G-protein coupled receptors. These chemokine receptor subtypes can be divided into two major groups, CXCR and CCR. CCR1 in particular is a receptor for the leukocyte chemoattractant and hemopoiesis regulator macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP-1), eotaxin, RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and other related beta chemokines. CCR1 regulates both stem cell proliferation and systemic inflammatory responses. Knockout mice lacking CCR1 have severe defects in neutrophil trafficking and proliferation. Within tissues, CCR1 is widely expressed, particularly in hematopoietic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils), blood, vessels, and bone...

FIH-1/HIF-1AN (factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1/ HIF1AN) is a 40.3kDa protein which is expressed as asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme in various multicellular organisms from worms/flies to mouse/rat and human beings. It functions as an oxygen sensor and, under normoxic conditions, FIH-1/HIF-1AN mediated hydroxylation prevents interaction of HIF-1 alpha with transcriptional coactivators including Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, and it implicates in transcriptional repression process via interaction with HIF1A, VHL and HDACs. On the other hand, under hypoxic conditions, FIH-1/HIF-1AN is inactive, which leads to the activation of HIF-alpha signaling. FIH-1/HIF-1AN is mainly a cytoplasmic protein which functions inside the nuclei of cells and Liang et al 2015 have shown that the nuclear entry of FIH-1/HIF-1AN depends on HIF-1 alpha and copper (Cu), the latter being known to be critical...

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a eukaryotic cell process that addresses ER stress. UPR is initiated by three ER-localized sensors: PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1 alpha). UPR-downstream signaling is modulated by the ATF6 and IRE1-XBP1 pathways. UPR has the following important functions: inhibit protein translation to restore normal cell function; increase protein folding-involved chaperone production; and activate misfolded protein ubiquitination (for both targeting and degradation). If ER-stress is not appropriately addressed, the UPR system triggers a fail-safe of apoptosis. The IRE1 alpha protein is a single-pass, type I membrane protein within the ER that functions as a sensor of unfolded ER proteins. It is ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels notably in the pancreas. IRE1 alpha autophosphorylates and under ER stress conditions, is ADP-...

Western blotting (or immunoblotting) is a widely used procedure to detect specific proteins in tissues and cell extracts and the Blue Marker Antibody can help make it easier and more accurate to size proteins of interest.  The Blue Marker Antibody (6F4-F6) is a unique monoclonal antibody that binds to and recognizes prestained blue dye molecular weight standards from different vendors. By allowing the user to visualize their prestained marker standards in conjunction with their target protein(s) of interest on the same immunoblot, the Blue Marker Antibody removes the need to manually mark protein marker band locations on X-ray films or data images.

Western Blot: Blue Marker Antibody (6F4-F6) [HRP] [NBP2-...

The ABCA1 molecule is a primary gatekeeper for regulating the intracellular transport of cholesterol. It belongs to a larger related multifamily of cAMP-dependent anion transporter cell membrane molecules. These key proteins are responsible for trafficking the reverse efflux of cholesterol from cells into peripheral tissues using the apolipoprotein A-1 (apo) carrier. In particular, the ABCA1 molecule exhibits a diverse expression profile and is found most highly expressed in macrophages.

Immunohistochemistry: ABCA1 Antibody [NB400-105] - Detection of ABCA1 in prostate epithelium showing luminal and membrane staining.

Sporstol et al from the University of Oslo used the ABCA1 antibody in their real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting...

The CAS9 DNA-cutter is a unique enzyme that is the primary core of an intrinsic DNA editing system found in bacteria. This primitive immune system is used by bacteria to kill and neutralize attacking viruses and confer resistance to bacteriophages. There exist distinct features within most bacterial genomes commonly known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) that dictate the resistance specificity. This RNA-guided editing requires only 75-100 nucleotides of RNA for targeting. The powerful ability of CAS9 to drive parallel targeted DNA editing has groundbreaking implications for a huge range of biotechnology applications from gene therapy and agriculture. Compared to current brute force sequence-specific endonucleases, CAS9 is a fine-tuned system that can be easily customized and promises to be one of the most...

Hemostasis, or blood clotting, follows tissue injury and involves the deployment of essential plasma procoagulants (such as prothrombin, and Factors X, IX, V, and VIII) that trigger the blood coagulation cascade. This cascade leads to the formation of insoluble fibrin clots and the promotion of platelet aggregation. Defects in Factor VIII and the coagulation cascade result in hemophilia A, a common recessive X-linked coagulation disorder. This disease is characterized by uncontrolled bleeding into joints, muscles, and soft tissues. Factor VIII is a 2,351 amino acid, non-covalent heterodimer that circulates as an inactive procofactor. When catalyzed by thrombin, Factor VIII is converted to its active form known as Factor VIIIa, which then associates with and is a cofactor for Factor IXa. In the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipids, Factor IXa converts Factor X to the activated form Factor Xa. These events are but small links within the larger coagulation signaling cascade...

CD20 is a human B-lymphocyte surface molecule that spans the membrane four times and is expressed on both normal and malignant cells. The CD20 antigen displays a unique expression pattern among hematopoietic cells - it is present on human pre B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes at all stages of maturation (except for plasma cells). Low CD20 antigen expression levels have been detected on normal T-lymphocytes. It functions as a B-cell activation receptor and B-lymphocyte development and differentiation agent, presumably through modulating intracellular calcium levels. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab (RTX) was the first chimeric mAb approved for therapy.

Western Blot: CD20 Antibody

Expression and biochemistry studies with the...

JAMP is a seven-transmembrane protein that is a regulator of JNK/MAPK8 activity in response to various stress stimuli. This regulation is part of a broader collective and coordinated response to clearing misfolded proteins from the ER. JAMP facilitates the degradation of misfolded ER luminal proteins via recruitment of the ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation system). Aside from its interactions with MAPK8, JAMP also interacts with Ring finger protein 5 (RNF5), as well as many regulatory proteins in the ERAD such as AMFR/GP78, CANX, PSMC1/PSMC2 and PSMC5-8. JAMP undergoes a post-translational modification after ubiquitination by RNF5 in a UBE2N-dependent manner, which ultimately decreases its association with the proteasome and ERAD. JAMP is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells within many tissues such as brain, spleen, thymus, liver, kidney...