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Glycosylation Bioinformatics

Glycosylation, one of the most common and diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacts a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including protein stability, activity and folding. Glycosylated proteins, also known as glycoproteins, are found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms. Protein glycosylation includes the covalent attachment of carbohydrate groups to amino acids, ranging from simple monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides. There are several different types of glycosylation, including N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, C-linked glycosylation and glypiation. N-linked glycosylation, the most common glycosidic linkage, is named as such because the glycans are bound to nitrogen residues or asparagine residues. N-linked glycosylation often occurs co-translationally, meaning that the glycan is attached to the lysine residue as it is being translated and transported into the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Unlike N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation does not occur co-translationally, but post-translationally on serine and threonine residues in the Golgi apparatus. C-linked glycosylation, often referred to as C-mannosylation, is a reaction that forms C-C bonds, instead of C-O or C-N bonds. Last but not least, glypiation is a covalent attachment of a GPI anchor which results in the recruitment of proteins to cell membranes.

Top Research Reagents

We have 12566 products for the study of Glycosylation that can be applied to Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

DCRP00B
N/A C-Reactive Protein/CRP [HRP]N/A C-Reactive Protein/CRP [HRP]


Species Human
Applications ELISA

144 Publications
NB100-524
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. E. U373 glioma cells were infected with HCMV Towne strain and levels of NOD1, NOD2 and GAPDH mRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR at indicated time points. F. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) at MOI of 1 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined 48 and 72 hpi. G. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) strain at MOI of 0.03 or 3 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined at 48 hpi. Quantitative data represent mean values (+/-SD) of triplicate determinations from three independent experiments (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA test). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092704.g001) licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Overlay of NOD2-DyLight 488 (green) with phase contrast of murine colon.  Image from verified customer review.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

     1 Review

26 Publications
NB100-524
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. E. U373 glioma cells were infected with HCMV Towne strain and levels of NOD1, NOD2 and GAPDH mRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR at indicated time points. F. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) at MOI of 1 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined 48 and 72 hpi. G. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) strain at MOI of 0.03 or 3 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined at 48 hpi. Quantitative data represent mean values (+/-SD) of triplicate determinations from three independent experiments (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA test). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092704.g001) licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Overlay of NOD2-DyLight 488 (green) with phase contrast of murine colon.  Image from verified customer review.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

     1 Review

26 Publications
NBP1-60046
Knockout Validated: MUC1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-60046] - MUC1 Antibody [NBP1-60046] - C57BL/6 Muc1 KO mice and WT mice were undergoing intranasal instillation of 75 ug of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at day 1. Between days 2 and 3, animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (or control air) of 6 cigarettes followed by 8 cigarettes (or control air) at days 4 and 5, and 10 cigarettes (or control air) at day 6. Vehicle or dexamethasone at 3 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day was administered orally once a day between day 1 and 6. Animals were sacrificed at day 6 and lungs were homogenized to analyze protein expression of Muc1 cytoplasmic tail (CT). Protein expression was normalized to B-actin. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4) licensed under a CC-BY license.Knockout Validated: MUC1 Antibody [NBP1-60046] - Dexamethasone induces Muc1-CT nuclear translocation and co-localization with GRa in bronchial epithelium of WT mice but not in MUC1 KO mice. C57BL/6 Muc1 KO mice and WT mice were undergoing dexamethasone 10 mg/kg/day (orally) for 6 days. Animals were sacrificed at day 6 and lungs were fixed in paraformaldehyde (4%) for 48 h and embedded. Lung slices were immunostained with MUC1-cytoplasmic tail (CT) (red) and glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRa) antibodies (green) with rhodamine/fluorescein secondary antibodies. DAPI was used to mark cell nucleus. Representative con-focal images are showed. Scale bar: 5 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4) licensed under a CC-BY license.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

8 Publications
NBP1-60046
Knockout Validated: MUC1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-60046] - MUC1 Antibody [NBP1-60046] - C57BL/6 Muc1 KO mice and WT mice were undergoing intranasal instillation of 75 ug of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at day 1. Between days 2 and 3, animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (or control air) of 6 cigarettes followed by 8 cigarettes (or control air) at days 4 and 5, and 10 cigarettes (or control air) at day 6. Vehicle or dexamethasone at 3 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day was administered orally once a day between day 1 and 6. Animals were sacrificed at day 6 and lungs were homogenized to analyze protein expression of Muc1 cytoplasmic tail (CT). Protein expression was normalized to B-actin. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4) licensed under a CC-BY license.Knockout Validated: MUC1 Antibody [NBP1-60046] - Dexamethasone induces Muc1-CT nuclear translocation and co-localization with GRa in bronchial epithelium of WT mice but not in MUC1 KO mice. C57BL/6 Muc1 KO mice and WT mice were undergoing dexamethasone 10 mg/kg/day (orally) for 6 days. Animals were sacrificed at day 6 and lungs were fixed in paraformaldehyde (4%) for 48 h and embedded. Lung slices were immunostained with MUC1-cytoplasmic tail (CT) (red) and glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRa) antibodies (green) with rhodamine/fluorescein secondary antibodies. DAPI was used to mark cell nucleus. Representative con-focal images are showed. Scale bar: 5 um. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4) licensed under a CC-BY license.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

8 Publications
NBP1-83792
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NGLY1 Antibody [NBP1-83792] - Staining of human kidney shows moderate to strong granular cytoplasmic positivity in cells in tubules.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NGLY1 Antibody [NBP1-83792] - Staining of human lymph node shows moderate to strong granular cytoplasmic positivity in lymphoid cells.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

NBP1-91258
Western Blot: Fibronectin Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-91258] - VSOP observed in perivascular-restricted spinal cord lesions with intact BBB. Immunostaining for laminin (brown) shows vascular endothelium and glia limitans of a perivascular lesion, along with infiltrating cells and VSOP (blue). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://asn.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1042/AN20120081), licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Fibronectin Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-91258] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NBP1-91258 at 1 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue).  Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     11 Reviews

52 Publications
NBP1-91258
Western Blot: Fibronectin Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-91258] - VSOP observed in perivascular-restricted spinal cord lesions with intact BBB. Immunostaining for laminin (brown) shows vascular endothelium and glia limitans of a perivascular lesion, along with infiltrating cells and VSOP (blue). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://asn.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1042/AN20120081), licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Fibronectin Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-91258] - NIH3T3 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NBP1-91258 at 1 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue).  Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     11 Reviews

52 Publications
NBP1-91642
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: ABCB6 Antibody [NBP1-91642] - Staining of human cell line U-251 MG shows localization to the Golgi apparatus.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ABCB6 Antibody [NBP1-91642] - Staining of human testis shows cytoplasmic positivity.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
NBP1-91642
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: ABCB6 Antibody [NBP1-91642] - Staining of human cell line U-251 MG shows localization to the Golgi apparatus.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: ABCB6 Antibody [NBP1-91642] - Staining of human testis shows cytoplasmic positivity.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
NB100-1533
Immunohistochemistry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Representative confocal images of POMC in POMC-transfected WT and Sel1L-/- N2a cells. White arrows point to POMC-containing secretory granules, while yellow arrows point to perinuclear POMC. KDEL marks the ER. Representative data from at least 2 independent experiments are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (jci.org/articles/view/96420), licensed under a CC-BY license.Flow Cytometry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Flow cytometric analysis of paraformaldehyde fixed A431 cells (blue line), permeabilized with 0.5% Triton. Primary incubation 1hr (10 ug/mL) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (1 ug/mL). IgG control: Unimmunized goat IgG (black line) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody.

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

10 Publications
MAB1417
Insulin was detected in immersion fixed  beta TC-6 mouse beta cell insulinoma cell line using Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Rat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=Insulin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human pancreas using Rat Anti-Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 0.5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (<a class=

Rat Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Bovine
Applications IHC, CyTOF-ready, ICC

24 Publications
MAB1417
Insulin was detected in immersion fixed  beta TC-6 mouse beta cell insulinoma cell line using Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Rat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=Insulin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human pancreas using Rat Anti-Human/Mouse/Bovine Insulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1417) at 0.5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (<a class=

Rat Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Bovine
Applications IHC, CyTOF-ready, ICC

24 Publications
MAB1455
Western blot shows lysate of human liver tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=Albumin was detected in immersion fixed BG01V human embryonic stem cells differentiated to hepatocytes using Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

     3 Reviews

54 Publications
MAB1455
Western blot shows lysate of human liver tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=Albumin was detected in immersion fixed BG01V human embryonic stem cells differentiated to hepatocytes using Mouse Anti-Human Serum Albumin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1455) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Simple Western, IHC

     3 Reviews

54 Publications
MEP00B
N/A Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]N/A Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

104 Publications
MEP00B
N/A Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]N/A Erythropoietin/EPO [HRP]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

104 Publications
7268-CT
Recombinant Human CTLA-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7268-CT) inhibits IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute Tcell leukemia cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.03-0.15 μg/mL whenstimulated with 1 μg/mL Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
7268-CT
Recombinant Human CTLA-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7268-CT) inhibits IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute Tcell leukemia cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.03-0.15 μg/mL whenstimulated with 1 μg/mL Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
2914-HT


Species Human
Applications BA

45 Publications
2914-HT


Species Human
Applications BA

45 Publications
291-G1
Recombinant Human IGF-I/IGF-1 (Catalog # 291-G1) stimulates proliferation in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.3‑1.5 ng/mL.1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human IGF-I/IGF-1 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 7 kDa.


Species Human
Applications BA

217 Publications
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha  (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

803 Publications
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha  (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

803 Publications
202-IL
As an alternative, please consider our next generation Recombinant Human IL-2 (<a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

     4 Reviews

369 Publications
202-IL
As an alternative, please consider our next generation Recombinant Human IL-2 (<a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

     4 Reviews

369 Publications
NB100-56605
Western Blot: PrPC Antibody [NB100-56605] - Analysis of BSE in (A) recombinant fusion protein containing amino acids 162-170 and (B) fusion partner without these amino acids, using this antibody at 5 ug/ml.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Avian, Bovine, Sheep
Applications WB

NB100-56605
Western Blot: PrPC Antibody [NB100-56605] - Analysis of BSE in (A) recombinant fusion protein containing amino acids 162-170 and (B) fusion partner without these amino acids, using this antibody at 5 ug/ml.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Avian, Bovine, Sheep
Applications WB

NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

49 Publications
NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

49 Publications
NBP2-79843
Western Blot: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Immunofluorescence staining of PFA-fixed Ramos cells. HLA DQ/DR/DP Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HLA DQ/DR/DP/2967R) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-CF488 (green). Nuclei stained with RedDot.

Rabbit Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, Flow

NBP2-79843
Western Blot: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Immunofluorescence staining of PFA-fixed Ramos cells. HLA DQ/DR/DP Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HLA DQ/DR/DP/2967R) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-CF488 (green). Nuclei stained with RedDot.

Rabbit Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, Flow